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In music, the tonic is the first scale degree of the diatonic scale (the first note of a scale) and the tonal center or final resolution tone [1] that is commonly used in the final cadence in tonal (musical key-based) classical music, popular music, and traditional music. In the movable do solfège system, the tonic note is sung as do.
In the key of C major, the first degree of the scale, called the tonic, is the note C itself. A C major chord, the major triad built on the note C (C–E–G), is referred to as the one chord of that key and notated in Roman numerals as I. The same C major chord can be found in other scales: it forms chord III in the key of A minor (A→B→C ...
Urlinie in relation to the tonic triad. The fundamental line (German: Urlinie) is the melodic aspect of the Fundamental structure , "a stepwise descent from one of the triad notes to the tonic" with the bass arpeggiation being the harmonic aspect. [3] The fundamental line fills in the spaces created by the descending arpeggiation of the tonic ...
For instance, F major is the relative major of D minor since both have key signatures with one flat. Since the natural minor scale is built on the 6th degree of the major scale, the tonic of the relative minor is a major sixth above the tonic of the major scale. For instance, B minor is the relative minor of D major because the note B is a ...
For example, in a piece in the key of C major, the ii chord is D minor, because D is the second scale degree in a C major scale. The D is minor because to construct a triad over D using only the pitches available in the key of C major—i.e. no sharps, no flats—the triad must be minor—the individual notes D, F and A.
The first inversion is denoted by the numeral 6 (e.g. I 6 for the first inversion of the tonic triad, even though a complete figuring would require I 6 3); the numerals 6 4 denotes the second inversion (e.g. I 6 4).
This makes the tonic triad diminished, so this mode is the only one in which the chords built on the tonic and dominant scale degrees have their roots separated by a diminished, rather than perfect, fifth. Similarly the tonic seventh chord is half-diminished. Tonic triad: Bdim or B° Tonic seventh chord: Bm 7 ♭ 5 or B ø7; Dominant triad: F
The concept of harmonic function originates in theories about just intonation.It was realized that three perfect major triads, distant from each other by a perfect fifth, produced the seven degrees of the major scale in one of the possible forms of just intonation: for instance, the triads F–A–C, C–E–G and G–B–D (subdominant, tonic, and dominant respectively) produce the seven ...