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  2. Gypsum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsum

    Gypsum precipitates onto brackish water membranes, a phenomenon known as mineral salt scaling, such as during brackish water desalination of water with high concentrations of calcium and sulfate. Scaling decreases membrane life and productivity. [ 29 ]

  3. Gypsum concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsum_concrete

    US patent 4,444,925 lists the components of Gyp-Crete as atmospheric calcined gypsum, sand, water, and small amounts of various additives.Additives listed include polyvinyl alcohol, an extender such as sodium citrate or fly ash, a surfactant such as Colloid defoamer 1513 DD made by Colloids, Inc., and a fluidizer based on sodium or potassium derivatives of naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde ...

  4. Damp proofing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damp_proofing

    Rising damp is the effect of water rising from the ground into property. [3] The damp proof course may be horizontal or vertical. [4] A DPC layer is usually laid below all masonry walls, regardless if the wall is a load bearing wall or a partition wall. A damp-proof membrane (DPM) is a membrane material

  5. Sulfate attack in concrete and mortar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfate_attack_in_concrete...

    Ultimately, Ca 2+ ions in equilibrium with portlandite (Ca(OH) 2) and C-S-H and dissolved in the concrete interstitial water can also react with SO 2− 4 ions to precipitate CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O ( gypsum ).

  6. Cement board - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement_board

    Cement boards may be classified as water resistant as they are not affected by water exposure; however, they do allow penetration and passage of water and water vapor. To waterproof cement boards, a liquid or membrane waterproofing material is applied over its surface. Cement boards should not be confused with gypsum core backer boards.

  7. Gypsum block - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsum_block

    A gypsum block is made of gypsum plaster and water. The manufacturing process [1] is automated at production plants where raw gypsum (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O) is ground and dried, then heated to remove three-quarters of the bound water and thus transformed into calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO 4 ·½H 2 O), also known as gypsum plaster, stucco, calcined gypsum or plaster of Paris.

  8. Waterproofing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterproofing

    This causes hydrostatic pressure on both the membrane and structure and requires full encapsulation of the basement structure in a tanking membrane, under slab and walls. Damp proofing: This is waterproofing used where the water table is lower than the structure and there is good free-draining fill. The membrane deals with the shedding of water ...

  9. Exterior insulation finishing system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exterior_insulation...

    A historic brick building in Germany covered with EIFS on the right side. Exterior insulation and finish system (EIFS) is a general class of non-load bearing building cladding systems that provides exterior walls with an insulated, water-resistant, finished surface in an integrated composite material system.