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Darius (Old Persian: ๐ญ๐ ๐ผ๐น๐บ๐ข๐ Dฤrayavaสฐuš; Ancient Greek: Δαρεแฟος Dareios; c. 485 – 465 BCE), was crown prince of the Persian Empire. He was the eldest son of the Persian king Xerxes I and his wife Amestris. His younger brothers were Hystaspes and Artaxerxes, and his younger sisters were Rhodogune and Amytis.
The Palace of Darius in Susa was a palace complex that was built at the site of Susa, Iran, during the reign of Darius I over the Achaemenid Empire. The construction was conducted parallel to that of Persepolis. Manpower and raw materials from various parts of the Achaemenid Empire contributed to its construction.
It belongs to the oldest building phase of the city of Persepolis, in the first half of the 6th century BC, as part of the original design by Darius the Great. Its construction was completed by Xerxes I. Modern scholarship "demonstrates the metaphorical nature of the Apadana reliefs as idealised social orders". [1]
Xerxes' father was Darius the Great (r. 522–486 BC), the incumbent monarch of the Achaemenid Empire, albeit himself not a member of the family of Cyrus the Great, the founder of the empire. [7] [8] Xerxes' mother was Atossa, a daughter of Cyrus. [9] Darius and Atossa married in 522 BC, [10] and Xerxes was born around 518 BC. [11]
Bessus or Bessos (Old Persian: *Bayaçฤ; Ancient Greek: Βฮฎσσος), also known by his throne name Artaxerxes V (Old Persian: ๐ ๐ผ๐ซ๐ง๐๐๐ Artaxšaçฤสฐ; Ancient Greek: แผρταξฮญρξης; died summer 329 BC), was a Persian satrap of the eastern Achaemenid satrapy of Bactria, as well as the self-proclaimed King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 330 to 329 BC.
I (am) Xerxes, the great king, king of kings, king of all kinds of people, king on this earth far and wide, the son of Darius the king, the Achaemenid. Xerxes the great king proclaims: King Darius, my father, by the favor of Ahuramazda, made much that is good, and this niche he ordered to be cut; as he did not have an inscription written, then ...
In 497 BC, during a visit by Darius to Egypt, Aryandes was executed for treason, most likely for attempting to issue his own coinage, a visible attempt to distance Egypt from the rest of the Persian Empire. [13] [14] Darius died in 486 BC, and was succeeded by Xerxes I. Egyptian soldier of the Achaemenid army, circa 470 BCE. Xerxes I tomb relief.
In The Persians, Xerxes invites the gods' enmity for his hubristic expedition against Greece in 480/79 BC; the focus of the drama is the defeat of Xerxes' navy at Salamis. Given Aeschylus' propensity for writing connected trilogies, the theme of divine retribution may connect the three. Aeschylus himself had fought the Persians at Marathon (490 ...