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1943 – Simone Weil starved herself to death (the technical cause of death was tuberculosis, possibly aggravated by malnutrition [11]) 1944 – Jean Cavaillès was shot by the Gestapo. 1944 – Marc Bloch was shot by the Gestapo for his work in the French Resistance. 1944 – Giovanni Gentile was murdered by communist partisans.
A Meditation on Rosenzweig's Claim That Death Is Very Good". The Journal of Jewish Thought and Philosophy. 29 (1): 57– 77. doi: 10.1163/1477285X-12341317. ISSN 1053-699X. Menzies, Rachel E.; Whittle, Lachlan F. (3 February 2022). "Stoicism and death acceptance: integrating Stoic philosophy in cognitive behaviour therapy for death anxiety".
Stoicism considers all existence as cyclical, the cosmos as eternally self-creating and self-destroying (see also Eternal return). Stoicism does not posit a beginning or end to the Universe. [32] According to the Stoics, the logos was the active reason or anima mundi pervading and animating the entire Universe. It was conceived as material and ...
The Stoics of classical antiquity were particularly prominent in their use of this discipline, and Seneca's letters are full of injunctions to meditate on death. [7] The Stoic Epictetus told his students that when kissing their child, brother, or friend, they should remind themselves that they are mortal, curbing their pleasure, as do "those ...
Modern Stoics advise practicing negative visualization daily at a set time, such as early in the morning or late at night. [ 7 ] [ 12 ] In the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius Book II.I, the author recommends to himself that he performs the following negative visualization in the early morning:
The Stoics, possibly inspired by the Pythagoreans, [3] incorporated the theory of eternal recurrence into their natural philosophy. According to Stoic physics , the universe is periodically destroyed in an immense conflagration ( ekpyrosis ), and then experiences a rebirth ( palingenesis ).
Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium (Latin for "Moral Letters to Lucilius"), also known as the Moral Epistles and Letters from a Stoic, is a letter collection of 124 letters that Seneca the Younger wrote at the end of his life, during his retirement, after he had worked for the Emperor Nero for more than ten years.
Scholars often refer to this work as the definitive representation of the part of Seneca's life he spent in exile. This Consolatio addresses Polybius, Emperor Claudius’ Literary Secretary, to console him on the death of his brother. The essay contains Seneca’s Stoic philosophy, with particular attention to the inescapable reality of death.