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The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines' Luzon Volcanic Arc was the second-largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century, behind only the 1912 eruption of Novarupta in Alaska. Eruptive activity began on April 2 as a series of phreatic explosions from a fissure that opened on the north side of Mount Pinatubo .
A large outpouring of lava on land, believed to have caused the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the largest mass extinction ever. [57] Karoo-Ferrar: 183 Mainly Southern Africa and Antarctica. Also South America, India, Australia and New Zealand 2.5: Formed as Gondwana broke up [58] Paraná and Etendeka traps: 133 Brazil/Angola and Namibia: 2.3
Philippines: 1951 [20] [21] 477 Mount Bandai: 4 Japan: 1888 1888 eruption of Mount Bandai: 426 Anak Krakatoa: 3 Indonesia: 2018 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami: 416 Ruang: 2 Indonesia: 1871 1871 Ruang eruption and tsunami: 400+ Kilauea: 4 Hawaii, United States: 1790 Keanakakoi eruption: 350 to 400 Mount Mayon: 4 Philippines: 1897 [22] 353 Mount ...
A.D. 79: Mount Vesuvius, Italy. Mount Vesuvius has erupted eight times in the last 17,000 years, most recently in 1944, but the big one was in A.D. 17. One of the most violent eruptions in history ...
This cooling directly or indirectly caused 90,000 deaths. The eruption of Mount Tambora was the largest cause of this climate anomaly. [22] While there were other eruptions in 1815, Tambora is classified as a VEI-7 eruption with a column 45 km (148,000 ft) tall, eclipsing all others by at least one order of magnitude.
Some eruptions cooled the global climate—inducing a volcanic winter—depending on the amount of sulfur dioxide emitted and the magnitude of the eruption. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Before the present Holocene epoch, the criteria are less strict because of scarce data availability, partly since later eruptions have destroyed the evidence.
Sometimes a lava plug will block the conduit to the summit, and when this occurs, eruptions are more violent. Explosive eruptions can expel as much as 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) per second [ 1 ] of rocks, dust, gas and pyroclastic material, averaged over the duration of eruption, that travels at several hundred meters per second as high as 20 km (12 ...
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