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Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME), also referred to as Janz Syndrome and Impulsive Petit Mal, is a form of epilepsy that is characterized by absence, Myoclonic, and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures. This epilepsy variant is marked by its idiopathic and hereditary characteristics, as well as its generalization across seizures.
The majority of patients (58.2%) have frequent myoclonic jerks, [13] with some sources stating that all patients with JME have myoclonic seizures. [10] Generalized tonic–clonic seizures are less common [13] but still reported in 85–90%. [10] Absence seizures are believed to be least common, with an estimated prevalence between 10% and 40%.
In the field of neurology, seizure types are categories of seizures defined by seizure behavior, symptoms, and diagnostic tests.The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) 2017 classification of seizures is the internationally recognized standard for identifying seizure types. [1]
Around the same time period, epilepsy was known in France as the haut-mal lit. ' high evil ', mal-de terre lit. ' earthen sickness ', mal de Saint Jean lit. ' Saint John's sickness ', mal des enfans lit. ' child sickness ', and mal-caduc lit. ' falling sickness '. [214] People of epilepsy in France were also known as tombeurs lit.
Syndromes are characterized into 4 groups based on epilepsy type: [1] a. Generalized onset epilepsy syndromes. These epilepsy syndromes have only generalized-onset seizures and include both the idiopathic generalized epilepsies (specifically childhood absence epilepsy, juvenile absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and epilepsy with generalized tonic- clonic seizures alone), as well as ...
A spike-and-wave discharge is a regular, symmetrical, generalized EEG pattern seen particularly during absence epilepsy, also known as ‘petit mal’ epilepsy. [1] The basic mechanisms underlying these patterns are complex and involve part of the cerebral cortex , the thalamocortical network , and intrinsic neuronal mechanisms.
Tonic-clonic seizures, also known as Grand Mal seizures, present with continuous stiffening of the body for 10–20 seconds followed by rhythmic jerking. [8] [13] It may be accompanied by an increase in blood pressure, increase in heart rate, or urinary incontinence. [8] [5] The person may turn blue if breathing is impaired.
Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common type of focal onset epilepsy among adults. [1] Seizure symptoms and behavior distinguish seizures arising from the mesial temporal lobe from seizures arising from the lateral (neocortical) temporal lobe. [2] Memory and psychiatric comorbidities may occur.