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Throughout history, women have only been conscripted to join armed forces in a few countries, in contrast to the universal practice of conscription from among the male population. The traditional view has been that military service is a test of manhood and a rite of passage from boyhood into manhood.
Most countries that use conscription systems only conscript men; a few countries also conscript women. [1] For example, Norway, Sweden, North Korea, Israel, and Eritrea conscript both men and women. However, only Norway and Sweden have a gender-neutral conscription system, where men and women are conscripted and serve on equal formal terms. [2]
Conscription in Serbia; National service in Singapore; Conscription in South Africa; Military Manpower Administration; Conscription in the Soviet Union; Conscription in Sri Lanka; Strateia; Conscription in Sweden; Conscription in Switzerland
Around 100 AD, Plutarch quoted an early case for national service made by a Roman general sometime around the 5th century BC: With the politic design of preventing intestine broils by employment abroad, and in the hope that when rich as well as poor, plebeians and patricians, should be mingled again in the same army and in the same camp, and engage in one common service for the public, it ...
Conscription during the First World War began when the British Parliament passed the Military Service Act in January 1916. The Act specified that single men aged 18 to 40 years old were liable to be called up for military service unless they were widowed with children, or were ministers of a religion.
A number of European countries halted mandatory conscription after the end of the Cold War, but several nations – particularly in Scandinavia and the Baltics – have reintroduced it in recent ...
Mandatory conscription was re-activated by the then Social democratic government in 2017, which cited increased threats to national security. [2] The Swedish Armed Forces planned to call 4,000 recruits annually for basic military training in 2018 and 2019. [ 3 ]
Other countries—such as Finland, Turkey, Lithuania, Singapore, and South Korea—still use a system of conscription which requires military service from only men, although women are permitted to serve voluntarily. Most European countries have no enforced conscription for either gender.