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A proximal humerus fracture is a break of the upper part of the bone of the arm . [3] Symptoms include pain, swelling, and a decreased ability to move the shoulder . [ 1 ] Complications may include axillary nerve or axillary artery injury.
Among proximal fractures, 80% are one-part, 10% are two-part, and the remaining 10% are three- and four-part. [22] The most common location of proximal fractures is at the surgical neck of the humerus. [3] Incidence of proximal fractures increases with age, with about 75% of cases occurring among people over the age of 60. [11]
An anatomical classification may begin with specifying the involved body part, such as the head or arm, followed by more specific localization. Fractures that have additional definition criteria than merely localization often may be classified as subtypes of fractures, such as a Holstein-Lewis fracture being a subtype of a humerus fracture ...
The Müller AO Classification of fractures is a system for classifying bone fractures initially published in 1987 [1] by the AO Foundation as a method of categorizing injuries according to therognosis of the patient's anatomical and functional outcome. "AO" is an initialism for the German "Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen", the ...
Olecranon fractures are rare in children, constituting only 5 to 7% of all elbow fractures. This is because in early life, olecranon is thick, short and much stronger than the lower extremity of the humerus. [5] However, olecranon fractures are a common injury in adults. This is partly due to its exposed position on the point of the elbow.
A fracture in this area is most likely to cause damage to the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery. Damage to the axillary nerve affects function of the teres minor and deltoid muscles, resulting in loss of abduction of arm (from 15-90 degrees), weak flexion, extension, and rotation of shoulder as well as loss of sensation of ...
Fragility fracture is a type of pathologic fracture that occurs as a result of an injury that would be insufficient to cause fracture in a normal bone. [2] There are three fracture sites said to be typical of fragility fractures: vertebral fractures, fractures of the neck of the femur, and Colles fracture of the wrist.
Injury of axillary nerve (axillary neuropathy) is a condition that can be associated with a surgical neck of the humerus fracture.. It can also be associated with a dislocated shoulder [1] or with traction injury to the nerve, which may be caused by over-aggressive stretching or blunt trauma that does not result in fracture or dislocation. [2]