Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
An animation of a frequency divider implemented with D flip-flops, counting from 0 to 7 in binary For power-of-2 integer division, a simple binary counter can be used, clocked by the input signal. The least-significant output bit alternates at 1/2 the rate of the input clock, the next bit at 1/4 the rate, the third bit at 1/8 the rate, etc.
A frequency synthesizer is an electronic circuit that generates a range of frequencies from a single reference frequency. Frequency synthesizers are used in devices such as radio receivers , televisions , mobile telephones , radiotelephones , walkie-talkies , CB radios , cable television converter boxes , satellite receivers, and GPS systems.
When cascading flip-flops which share the same clock (as in a shift register), it is important to ensure that the t CO of a preceding flip-flop is longer than the hold time (t h) of the following flip-flop, so data present at the input of the succeeding flip-flop is properly "shifted in" following the active edge of the clock.
A phase-locked loop or phase lock loop (PLL) is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is fixed relative to the phase of an input signal. Keeping the input and output phase in lockstep also implies keeping the input and output frequencies the same, thus a phase-locked loop can also track an input frequency.
The relationship is defined by the equation b = log 2 (n). In this technique, the states are assigned in a binary sequence where the states are numbered starting from 0 and up. The number of flip-flops used is equal to the number bits (b). Since binary encoding uses the minimum number of bits (flip-flops) to encode a machine, the flip-flops are ...
For example, a wavenumber in inverse centimeters can be converted to a frequency expressed in the unit gigahertz by multiplying by 29.979 2458 cm/ns (the speed of light, in centimeters per nanosecond); [5] conversely, an electromagnetic wave at 29.9792458 GHz has a wavelength of 1 cm in free space.
A vacuum tube Abraham-Bloch multivibrator oscillator, France, 1920 (small box, left).Its harmonics are being used to calibrate a wavemeter (center).. The first multivibrator circuit, the classic astable multivibrator oscillator (also called a plate-coupled multivibrator) was first described by Henri Abraham and Eugene Bloch in Publication 27 of the French Ministère de la Guerre, and in ...
A phase frequency detector (PFD) is an asynchronous circuit originally made of four flip-flops (i.e., the phase-frequency detectors found in both the RCA CD4046 and the motorola MC4344 ICs introduced in the 1970s). The logic determines which of the two signals has a zero-crossing earlier or more often.