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In 1025 CE, the Chola Emperor Rajendra I launched naval raids on Srivijaya in maritime Southeast Asia, leading to the fall of the Sailendra Dynasty of Srivijaya. [2]Rajendra's overseas expedition against Srivijaya was a unique event in India's history and its otherwise peaceful relations with the states of Southeast Asia.
In 1903, he rescinded his theory and stated that the stele described Rajendra Chola I's conquest of Bago in Burma. [8] George Coedès' Le Royaume de Sri Vijaya published in 1918 after several years of research, rejected both the theories and provided the first convincing description of Rajendra Chola I's conquest of Southeast Asia. [9]
Chola nobles were accepted in the Srivijaya court, and in 1067, a Chola prince named Divakara or Devakala was sent as a Srivijayan ambassador to the Imperial Court of China. The prince, who was the nephew of Rajendra Chola, was enthroned in 1070 as Kulothunga Chola I. During the Kedah rebellion, Srivijaya asked the Cholas for help.
Rajendra I conquered Odisha and Pala dynasty of Bengal and reached the Ganges river in north India. [40] Rajendra Chola I built a new capital called Gangaikonda Cholapuram to celebrate his victories in northern India. [41] Rajendra Chola I successfully invaded the Srivijaya kingdom in Southeast Asia which led to the decline of the empire there.
The inscription was made during the reign of Rajendra Chola I, to commemorate his military campaign against Srivijaya that was launched in 1025. The inscription states that the Cholas successfully sacked Kadaram and took a large amount of treasures, including the Vidhyadara-torana, the jewelled 'war gate' of Srivijaya adorned with great splendour.
The most detailed source of information on the campaign is the Tamil stele of Rajendra Chola I. [5] The stele states: (Who) having despatched many ships in the midst of the rolling sea and having caught Sangrāma-vijayōttunga-varman, the king of Kadāram, together with the elephants in his glorious army, (took) the large heap of treasures, which (that king) had rightfully accumulated ...
The last epigraphic evidence that mentions the word "Sriwijaya" or "Srivijaya" comes from the Tanjore inscription of the Chola kingdom in 1030 or 1031. [1]: 397, 398, 405 Chola control over Srivijaya lasted for several decades. Chinese chronicles mentioned Sanfoqi Zhu-nian guo which means "Chola country of Sanfoqi", likely refer to Kedah.
Sri Deva took the leadership of Srivijaya from Palembang and restored balance in the government. According to a theory proposed by Puranavitana, in 1044, Rajendra Chola I was supposedly assassinated when he visited Srivijaya by a Srivijayan prince called Purendara as per the orders of Samara. [1]