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Ex situ management can occur within or outside a species' natural geographic range. Individuals maintained ex situ exist outside an ecological niche. This means that they are not under the same selection pressures as wild populations, and they may undergo artificial selection if maintained ex situ for multiple generations. [3]
There are a variety of approaches to species reintroduction. The optimal strategy will depend on the biology of the organism. [4] The first matter to address when beginning a species reintroduction is whether to source individuals in situ, from wild populations, or ex situ, from captivity in a zoo or botanic garden, for example.
Reinforcement is the deliberate introduction and integration of an organism into an area where its species is already established. [1] This mode of translocation is implemented in populations whose numbers have dropped below critical levels, become dangerously inbred, or who need artificial immigration to maintain genetic diversity. [15]
The main objectives of the park are ex-situ conservation of endangered species, wildlife education, and research for wildlife conservation and management. [5] The zoo aims to maintain a viable and healthy population of animals in naturalistic enclosures while facilitating public visitation. [16]
Another benefit is that this strategy helps ensure the ongoing processes of evolution and adaptation within their environments. As a last resort, ex situ conservation may be used on some or all of the population, when in situ conservation is too difficult, or impossible. The species gets adjusted to the natural disasters like drought, floods ...
See: Wildlife sanctuaries of India- For Example: Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary; Bandhavgarh National Park; Bandipur National Park; Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary; Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Idukki district, Kerala state; Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttara Kannada District, Karnataka state; Dudhwa National Park, Lakhimpur Kheri District, Uttar Pradesh
This sanctuary spans across nearly 4,000 acres and is home to approximately 1,600 animals. According to the sanctuary, "Best Friends has become the heart of a collaborative no-kill movement, and a model for the future of animal welfare," and the sanctuary hopes to "bring the entire nation to no-kill in 2025." [27]
Natural habitats can provide Ecosystem services to humans, which are "any positive benefit that wildlife or ecosystems provide to people." [10] The natural environment is a source for a wide range of resources that can be exploited for economic profit, for example timber is harvested from forests and clean water is obtained from natural streams.