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  2. Plough - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plough

    Ploughs were traditionally drawn by oxen and horses but modern ploughs are drawn by tractors. ... but pulled as a plough, this device was created in the 19th century ...

  3. History of agriculture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_agriculture

    Ploughs were steadily improved, from Joseph Foljambe's Rotherham iron plough in 1730 [170] to James Small's improved "Scots Plough" metal in 1763. In 1789 Ransomes, Sims & Jefferies was producing 86 plough models for different soils. [ 171 ]

  4. Ridge and furrow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridge_and_furrow

    The team and plough together were therefore many yards long, and this led to a particular effect in ridge and furrow fields. When reaching the end of the furrow, the leading oxen met the end first, and were turned left along the headland, while the plough continued as long as possible in the furrow (the strongest oxen were yoked at the back ...

  5. Open-field system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-Field_System

    A four-ox-team plough, circa 1330. The ploughman is using a mouldboard plough to cut through the heavy soils. A team could plough about one acre (0.4 ha) per day. The typical planting scheme in a three-field system was that barley, oats, or legumes would be planted in one field in spring, wheat or rye in the second field in the fall and the third field would be left fallow.

  6. Medieval technology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_technology

    The earliest tidal mills were excavated on the Irish coast where watermillers knew and employed the two main waterwheel types: a 6th-century tide mill at Killoteran near Waterford was powered by a vertical waterwheel, [39] while the tide changes at Little Island were exploited by a twin-flume horizontal-wheeled mill (c. 630) and a vertical ...

  7. Jethro Tull (agriculturist) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jethro_Tull_(agriculturist)

    His first invention was a drill-plough to sow wheat and turnip seed in drills, three rows at a time. There were two boxes for the seed, and these, with the coulters, were placed one set behind the other, so that two sorts of seed might be sown at the same time. A harrow to cover in the seed was attached behind. [8]

  8. James & Frederick Howard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_&_Frederick_Howard

    The Britannia works was to grow to become the biggest employer in Bedford (700 employees in 1871). Howard's award-winning ploughs and harrows were exported around the world. John Howard announced his retirement in 1851 at which time his sons James and Frederick took over. Business continued to boom, and the business grew to encompass steam ...

  9. Hoe-farming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoe-farming

    The hoe-cultivation belt is mostly located in tropical latitudes, including Sub-Saharan Africa (but not the Horn of Africa, where the plough appears to have been introduced via Egypt), Maritime Southeast Asia, and the pre-Columbian Americas. [2] Hoe-farming often coincides with long fallow systems and shifting cultivation. Split hoes (also ...