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The manifesto which Nicholas II issued on 15 February 1899 was cause for Finnish despair. [1] [2] [a] The manifesto was forced through the Finnish senate by the deciding vote of the senate president, an appointee of the tsar—and after the Governor-General of Finland, Nikolay Bobrikov, had threatened a military invasion and siege. [1]
The Grand Duchy of Finland, officially and also translated as the Grand Principality of Finland, [a] was the predecessor state of modern Finland. It existed from 1809 to 1917 as an autonomous state within the Russian Empire .
The Diet of Finland would only have an advisory role: the governor-general, the minister-secretary, the Senate of Finland and the Diet of Finland could each give their statement about the law proposal, however the Diet of Finland could only do so in the case of a law requiring normal review.
This article deals with the political history of Finland from prehistoric times, through the Swedish rule (c.1200-1808), to the Russian rule (Grand Duchy of Finland, 1809-1917) and the time of independent Finland (1917-). In this context, Finland broadly refers to the geographical area in which the current Finnish state is located.
The governorates of the Grand Principality of Finland were the administrative division of the Grand Principality of Finland as part of the Russian Empire from 1809 to 1917. The administrative division of Finland followed the Russian imperial model with governorates ( Russian : губе́рния , Swedish : län , Finnish : lääni ) headed by ...
The Russification of Finland (1899–1905, 1908–1917), sortokaudet ("times of oppression" in Finnish) was a governmental policy of the Russian Empire aimed at the termination of Finland's autonomy. Finnish opposition to Russification was one of the main factors that ultimately led to Finland's declaration of independence in 1917.
Russia's foreign ministry on Thursday criticised a Finnish government plan to speed the confiscation of Russian-owned real estate in Finland, warning the Nordic country of countermeasures. Many ...
Map showing territory changes at the end of the Finnish War. Modern country boundaries are indicated by dotted red lines. The Treaty of Fredrikshamn (Swedish: Freden i Fredrikshamn; Russian: Фридрихсгамский мирный договор), or the Treaty of Hamina (Finnish: Haminan rauha), was a peace treaty concluded between Sweden and Imperial Russia on 17 September 1809.