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The fact that Charles was crowned as Charles XII does not mean that he was the twelfth king of Sweden by that name. Swedish kings Erik XIV (r. 1560–1568) and Charles IX (r. 1604–1611) gave themselves numerals after studying a mythological history of Sweden. He was actually the sixth King Charles. [6]
Charles XI or Carl (Swedish: Karl XI; 4 December [O.S. 24 November] 1655 – 15 April [O.S. 5 April] 1697) [2] was King of Sweden from 1660 until his death, in a period of Swedish history known as the Swedish Empire (1611–1721). He was the only son of King Charles X Gustav of Sweden and Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp. His father died ...
Charles IX, also Carl (Swedish: Karl IX; 4 October 1550 – 30 October 1611), reigned as King of Sweden from 1604 until his death. He was the youngest son of King Gustav I ( r. 1523–1560 ) and of his second wife, Margaret Leijonhufvud , the brother of King Eric XIV and of King John III , and the uncle of Sigismund , who became king both of ...
A History of Sweden. New York: Praeger. free to borrow for two weeks pp 153–237; Bain, R. Nisbet. Charles XII and the Collapse of the Swedish Empire, 1682–1719 (1899) online; Brems, Hans. "Sweden: From Great Power to Welfare State" Journal of Economic Issues 4#2 (1970) pp. 1–16 online; Evans, Malcolm (1997).
The siege of Fredriksten (Norwegian: Beleiringen av Fredriksten festning) was an attack on the Norwegian fortress of Fredriksten in the city of Fredrikshald (now Halden) by King Charles XII of Sweden. While inspecting his troops' lines, Charles XII was killed by a projectile. The Swedes broke off the siege, and the Norwegians held the fortress. [4]
Deposed in Sweden twice (1434–1435 and 1436); regained power until deposed in all three kingdoms in 1439. [62] [64] Regency of Charles Knutsson Bonde (later King Charles VIII; October 1438 – Autumn 1440) Christopher of Bavaria Kristofer av Bayern: Autumn 1441 – 6 January 1448 (6 years and a few months) Nephew of Eric XIII Dorothea of ...
History of Charles XII (French: Histoire de Charles XII) is a historical work by the French historian, philosopher, and writer Voltaire about Charles XII, king of Sweden. It was first published in 1731. [1]
Karl Knutsson was the second Swedish king by the name of Karl (sometimes anglicized as Charles). Charles VIII is a posthumous invention, counting backwards from Charles IX (r. 1604–1611) who adopted his numeral according to a fictitious history of Sweden.