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existing instructions extended to a 64 bit address size (JRCXZ) existing instructions extended to a 64 bit operand size (remaining instructions) Most instructions with a 64 bit operand size encode this using a REX.W prefix; in the absence of the REX.W prefix, the corresponding instruction with 32 bit operand size is encoded. This mechanism also ...
While what these instructions do is similar to bit level gather-scatter SIMD instructions, PDEP and PEXT instructions (like the rest of the BMI instruction sets) operate on general-purpose registers. [12] The instructions are available in 32-bit and 64-bit versions. An example using arbitrary source and selector in 32-bit mode is:
The x86 instruction set has several times been extended with SIMD (Single instruction, multiple data) instruction set extensions.These extensions, starting from the MMX instruction set extension introduced with Pentium MMX in 1997, typically define sets of wide registers and instructions that subdivide these registers into fixed-size lanes and perform a computation for each lane in parallel.
Instruction Opcode Description PCLMULQDQ xmm1,xmm2,imm8: 66 0F 3A 44 /r ib: Perform a carry-less multiplication of two 64-bit polynomials over the finite field GF(2 k). PCLMULLQLQDQ xmm1,xmm2/m128: 66 0F 3A 44 /r 00: Multiply the low halves of the two 128-bit operands. PCLMULHQLQDQ xmm1,xmm2/m128: 66 0F 3A 44 /r 01
In the x86 assembly language, the TEST instruction performs a bitwise AND on two operands. The flags SF, ZF, PF are modified while the result of the AND is discarded. The OF and CF flags are set to 0, while AF flag is undefined. There are 9 different opcodes for the TEST instruction depending on the type and size of the operands. It can compare ...
The TBM instructions are all encoded using the XOP prefix. They are all available in 32-bit and 64-bit forms, selected with the XOP.W bit (0=32bit, 1=64bit). (XOP.W is ignored outside 64-bit mode.) Like all instructions encoded with VEX/XOP prefixes, they are unavailable in Real Mode and Virtual-8086 mode.
Instruction set extensions that have been added to the x86 instruction set in order to support hardware virtualization.These extensions provide instructions for entering and leaving a virtualized execution context and for loading virtual-machine control structures (VMCSs), which hold the state of the guest and host, along with fields which control processor behavior within the virtual machine.
The REX prefix provides additional space for encoding 64-bit addressing modes and additional registers present in the x86-64 architecture. Bit-field W changes the operand size to 64 bits, R expands reg to 4 bits, B expands r/m (or opreg in the few opcodes that encode the register in the 3 lowest opcode bits, such as "POP reg"), and X and B ...