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These instructions are also available in 32-bit mode, in which they operate on 32-bit registers (eax, ebx, etc.) and values instead of their 16-bit (ax, bx, etc.) counterparts. The updated instruction set is grouped according to architecture ( i186 , i286 , i386 , i486 , i586 / i686 ) and is referred to as (32-bit) x86 and (64-bit) x86-64 (also ...
Instruction Opcode Description PCLMULQDQ xmm1,xmm2,imm8: 66 0F 3A 44 /r ib: Perform a carry-less multiplication of two 64-bit polynomials over the finite field GF(2 k). PCLMULLQLQDQ xmm1,xmm2/m128: 66 0F 3A 44 /r 00: Multiply the low halves of the two 128-bit operands. PCLMULHQLQDQ xmm1,xmm2/m128: 66 0F 3A 44 /r 01
While what these instructions do is similar to bit level gather-scatter SIMD instructions, PDEP and PEXT instructions (like the rest of the BMI instruction sets) operate on general-purpose registers. [12] The instructions are available in 32-bit and 64-bit versions. An example using arbitrary source and selector in 32-bit mode is:
The x86 instruction set has several times been extended with SIMD (Single instruction, multiple data) instruction set extensions.These extensions, starting from the MMX instruction set extension introduced with Pentium MMX in 1997, typically define sets of wide registers and instructions that subdivide these registers into fixed-size lanes and perform a computation for each lane in parallel.
Instruction set extensions that have been added to the x86 instruction set in order to support hardware virtualization.These extensions provide instructions for entering and leaving a virtualized execution context and for loading virtual-machine control structures (VMCSs), which hold the state of the guest and host, along with fields which control processor behavior within the virtual machine.
One W bit, equivalent to the REX prefix's W bit, specifies a 64-bit operand; for non-integer instructions, it is a general opcode extension bit. Four vĚ… bits are the complement of an additional source register index. One L bit indicates the vector length; 0 for 128-bit SSE (XMM) registers, and 1 for 256-bit AVX (YMM) registers.
The bottom bit of the opcode is used to indicate whether the AVX512 index register is considered a vector of sixteen signed 32-bit indexes (bit 0 not set) or eight signed 64-bit indexes (bit 0 set) The instructions all support operation masking by opmask registers. The only supported vector width is 512 bits.
The INT3 instruction is a one-byte-instruction defined for use by debuggers to temporarily replace an instruction in a running program in order to set a code breakpoint. The more general INT XXh instructions are encoded using two bytes. This makes them unsuitable for use in patching instructions (which can be one byte long); see SIGTRAP.