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The woman has a sexually transmitted infection such as chlamydia; An intrauterine device (IUD) was left in place during the pregnancy; Tissue from the fetus or placenta is left inside the uterus after a miscarriage or elective abortion procedure; Insertion of tools, chemicals, or soaps into the uterus
Dilation (or dilatation) and curettage (D&C) refers to the dilation (widening or opening) of the cervix and surgical removal of sections and/or layers of the lining of the uterus and or contents of the uterus such as an unwanted fetus (early abortion before 13 weeks), remains of a non-viable fetus, retained placenta after birth or abortion as well as any abnormal tissue which may be in the ...
Retained products of conception is where products of conception remain in the uterus after childbirth, medical abortion or miscarriage (also known as spontaneous abortion). [1] Miscarriage with retained products of conception is termed delayed when no or very little products of conception have been passed, and incomplete when some products have ...
Childbirth can be an intense event and strong emotions, both positive and negative, can be brought to the surface. Abnormal and persistent fear of childbirth is known as tokophobia . The prevalence of fear of childbirth around the world ranges between 4–25%, with 3–7% of pregnant women having clinical fear of childbirth.
Dilation and curettage (D&C) refers to opening the cervix (dilation) and removing tissue (curettage) via suction or sharp instruments. D&C is a standard gynecological procedure performed for a variety of reasons, including examination of the uterine lining for possible malignancy, investigation of abnormal bleeding, and abortion.
Dilation and evacuation can be offered for the management of second trimester miscarriage if skilled providers are available. [6] Some women choose D&E over labor induction for a second trimester loss because it can be a scheduled surgical procedure, offering predictability over labor induction, or because they find it emotionally easier than undergoing labor and delivery.
The procedure is used both after miscarriages and for abortions in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. When used to perform an abortion, an intact D&E can occur after feticide or on a live fetus. In the United States, where federal law describes an intact D&E on a live fetus as a partial-birth abortion, [1] [2] the procedure is uncommon.
Spontaneous fetal termination after 20 weeks of gestation is known as a stillbirth. [15] The term miscarriage is sometimes used to refer to all forms of pregnancy loss and pregnancy with abortive outcomes before 20 weeks of gestation. The most common symptom of a miscarriage is vaginal bleeding, with or without pain. [1]