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Rape trauma syndrome (RTS) is the psychological trauma experienced by a rape survivor that includes disruptions to normal physical, emotional, cognitive, and interpersonal behavior. The theory was first described by nurse Ann Wolbert Burgess and sociologist Lynda Lytle Holmstrom in 1974.
Like all iterations of trauma, the development of RTS is informed by PTSD, defined in DSM V as a mental disorder that can develop after a person is exposed to a traumatic event, such as sexual assault, warfare, traffic collisions, child abuse, or other threats on a person's life. These events can be personally experienced, observed, or imagined.
Young women are usually found to be more at risk of rape than older women. [2] [3] [4] According to data from justice systems and rape crisis centres in Chile, Malaysia, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Peru, and the United States, between one-third and two-thirds of all victims of sexual assault are aged 15 years or less.
Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association on behalf of Division 56. It was established in 2009 and covers research on the psychological effects of trauma . [ 1 ]
Rape trauma syndrome, the psychological trauma experienced by a rape victim; Revised Trauma Score, a system to evaluate injuries secondary to violent trauma; Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome, a condition characterized by short stature, etc.
Sexual trauma therapy is medical and psychological interventions provided to survivors of sexual violence aiming to treat their physical injuries and cope with mental trauma caused by the event. Examples of sexual violence include any acts of unwanted sexual actions like sexual harassment , groping , rape , and circulation of sexual content ...
According to a study on the reactions after rape by the American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 96 percent of women said they were scared, shaking, or trembling a few hours after their attack. [19] After even more time passed, the previous symptoms decreased while the levels of depression, exhaustion, and restlessness increased.
The psychological trauma from rape was generally ignored by medicinal and psychiatric professionals up until the 1950s and 1960s. In 1970 Sandra Sutherland and Donald J. Scherl published the first substantial study of the psychological effects of rape on its victims in the American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. [10]