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The king (♔, ♚) is the most important piece in the game of chess. It may move to any adjoining square; it may also perform, in tandem with the rook , a special move called castling . If a player's king is threatened with capture, it is said to be in check , and the player must remove the threat of capture immediately.
The chess variants listed below are derived from chess by changing one or more of the many rules of the game. The rules can be grouped into categories, from the most innocuous (starting position) to the most dramatic (adding chance/randomness to the gameplay after the initial piece placement).
The standard rules of chess apply except in the following cases: [1]. The game is played on a 16×16 board with the starting position shown above. An unmoved pawn can move one step, up to the middle of the board (in the case of the 16×16 board, the eighth rank), or anything in between.
They are often black and white; other colors may be used (like a dark wood or even red for the dark pieces) but they would still be called the "white" and "black" pieces (see White and Black in chess). [88] The height of the king should be about 95 mm, within 10 percent. [89] [h] The diameter of the king should be 40 to 50% of its height. [91]
Displacement chess – starting position is slightly altered to negate players' knowledge of openings. Chess960 – variant created by Bobby Fischer, in which the starting position of the pieces on the 1st and 8th ranks are random, resulting in 960 possible starting positions. White and Black starting positions must be mirrored and king must ...
royal piece In the context of chess variants, a piece subject to check and checkmate, as the king is in orthodox chess. [7] Any piece can be royal; a royal piece moves according to its piece type. [8] Variants in which kings are not royal may allow promotion to a king and disallow castling.
The rules of chess prescribe the moves each type of chess piece can make. During play, the players take turns moving their own chess pieces. The rook may move any number of squares vertically or horizontally without jumping. It also takes part, along with the king, in castling. The bishop may move any number of squares diagonally without ...
Activating the king before the endgame is a highly unusual occurrence; before the endgame, the safety of the king is considered paramount, and players are recommended to keep it out of harm's way. [3] [4] In contrast, Wilhelm Steinitz, often known as the father of modern chess, was renowned for his maxim that "the king is a fighting piece".