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Learn how polarity is a separation of electric charge in molecules or chemical groups, and how it depends on electronegativity differences. Find out how to classify bonds as polar, nonpolar, or ionic, and how to measure bond dipole moments.
A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms. Learn about the history, types, and structures of covalent bonds, and how they differ from ionic bonds and other interactions.
Methane is a chemical compound with the formula CH4, the simplest alkane and the main constituent of natural gas. It has a molar mass of 16.043 g·mol−1 and is an odorless, colorless and transparent gas that is widely used as a fuel and a precursor to many organic compounds.
This bond is a covalent, single bond, meaning that carbon shares its outer valence electrons with up to four hydrogens. This completes both of their outer shells, making them stable. [2] Carbon–hydrogen bonds have a bond length of about 1.09 Å (1.09 × 10 −10 m) and a bond energy of about 413 kJ/mol (see table below).
Learn about the density of water at different temperatures and pressures, as well as other physical and chemical properties of this universal solvent. Find out how water molecules form hydrogen bonds, dissolve salts and acids, and exist in solid, liquid, and gas states.
Learn about the different types of chemical bonds, such as covalent, ionic and metallic, and how they are formed and described by quantum theory. Find out the properties and examples of molecules and substances that result from various bonding mechanisms.
A hydrate is a substance that contains water or its constituent elements, either as a part of the crystal structure or as a result of chemical reaction. Learn about different classes of hydrates, such as inorganic salts, organic compounds, clathrate hydrates, and their stability and properties.
A diatomic molecule is composed of two atoms, of the same or different elements. Learn about the types, properties, occurrence, and history of diatomic molecules, such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide.