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The French horn (since the 1930s known simply as the horn in professional music circles) is a brass instrument made of tubing wrapped into a coil with a flared bell. The double horn in F/B ♭ (technically a variety of German horn) is the horn most often used by players in professional orchestras and bands, although the descant and triple horn have become increasingly popular.
However, playing a 3rd space C (F-horn, open) and repeating the stopped horn, the pitch will lower a half-step to a B-natural (or 1/2 step above B ♭, the next lower partial). The hand horn technique developed in the classical period, with music pieces requiring the use of covering the bell to various degrees to lower the pitch accordingly.
This family includes all of the modern brass instruments except the trombone: the trumpet, horn (also called French horn), euphonium, and tuba, as well as the cornet, flugelhorn, tenor horn (alto horn), baritone horn, sousaphone, and the mellophone. As valved instruments are predominant among the brasses today, a more thorough discussion of ...
Concertino for Horn and String Orchestra, Op. 45, No. 5; Benjamin Lees. Concerto for French horn and Orchestra; György Ligeti. Trio for Violin, Horn and Piano (1982) Hamburg Concerto (1998) Magnus Lindberg. Campana in Aria for horn and orchestra (1998) Trygve Madsen. Sonata, Op. 24; Josip Magdić. Concertino for Horn and instrumental ensemble
The first of these types was the Stölzel valve, bearing the name of its inventor Heinrich Stölzel, who first applied these valves to the French horn in 1814. Until that point, there had been no successful valve design, and horn players had to stop off the bell of the instrument, greatly compromising tone quality to achieve a partial chromatic scale.
The flugelhorn's mouthpiece is more deeply conical than either trumpet or cornet mouthpieces, but not as conical as a French horn mouthpiece. Some modern flugelhorns feature a fourth valve that lowers the pitch by a perfect fourth (similar to the fourth valve on some euphoniums , tubas , and piccolo trumpets , or the trigger on trombones ).
1 basset horn 1 bass clarinet 1 contrabass clarinet 3–4 bassoons 1 contrabassoon Brass 4–8 French horns, German horns, or Vienna horns (more rarely natural horns) of which some might play 2–4 Wagner tubas – 2 tenors, 2 bass 3–6 trumpets in F, and other keys including C, B ♭ of which some might play 1 bass trumpet 3–4 cornets
The modern standard orchestral horn is a double B ♭ /F horn. The player can switch between the two modes using a thumb-operated fourth valve. The fundamental pitch of the F horn is near that of the tuba. Horn notation is a complex subject beyond the scope of this article, but what is written as middle C for the horn is the fourth harmonic of ...