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A labor camp (or labour camp, see spelling differences) or work camp is a detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor as a form of punishment. Labor camps have many common aspects with slavery and with prisons (especially prison farms). Conditions at labor camps vary widely depending on the operators.
McNaughton's relief camps were designed to provide the basic necessities for single men in return for manual labour. This proposed system resembled the English Poor Laws in which the poor received helped in exchange for labour and rehabilitation. [3] In October of 1932 the first federal relief camps opened in Canada. [3]
Whitewater was a labour camp for German prisoners-of-war in Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba. Operating from 1943 to 1945, the camp was built on the northeast shore of Whitewater Lake, approximately 300 kilometres (190 mi) north-west of Winnipeg. The camp consisted of fifteen buildings and housed 440 to 450 prisoners of war. [1] [2]
Many of these internees were used for forced labour in internment camps. [7] There was a severe shortage of farm labour, so in 1916–17 nearly all of the internees were "paroled". [8] Many parolees went to the custody of local farmers. They were paid at current wage rates, usually 20 cents per hour, with fifty cents a day deducted for room and ...
The forced removal of many Japanese-Canadian men to become labourers elsewhere in Canada created confusion and panic among families, causing some men to refuse orders to ship out to labour camps. On March 23, 1942, a group of Nisei refused to be shipped out and so were sent to prisoner-of-war camps in Ontario to be detained. [66]
With three work camps located in British Columbia, those interned found "there was no greuling labour to be done at the Vernon Camp." [ 9 ] The Mara Lake, Monashee and Edgewood camps—all located in the Okanagan Valley—contributed to lasting infrastructure projects in the region, such as building roads linking Vernon and Kelowna to the Trans ...
The camps were identified by letters at first, then by numbers. [5] In addition to the main camps there were branch camps and labour camps. The prisoners were given various tasks; many worked in the forests as logging crews or on nearby farms; they were paid a nominal amount for their labour. Approximately 11,000 were thus employed by 1945.
Strikers from unemployment relief camps climbing on boxcars in Kamloops, British Columbia. The On-to-Ottawa Trek was a mass protest movement in Canada in 1935 sparked by unrest among unemployed single men in federal relief camps principally in Western Canada. The trek started in Vancouver and, picking up reinforcements along the way, was ...