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Force variation axes. Tire forces are divided into three axes: radial, lateral, and tangential (or fore-aft). The radial axis runs from the tire center toward the tread, and is the vertical axis running from the roadway through the tire center toward the vehicle.
Coulomb friction theory says that the maximum horizontal force developed should be proportional to the vertical load on the tire. In practice, the maximum horizontal force Fy that can be generated is proportional, roughly, to the vertical load Fz raised to the power of somewhere between 0.7 and 0.9, typically.
A new way of representing tyre data obtained from measurements in pure cornering and pure braking conditions. Hans Pacejka (2012) Tire and Vehicle Dynamics, third edition (first edition 2002) Lugner, P., & Plöchl, M. (2005). Tyre model performance test: first experiences and results. Vehicle System Dynamics, 43(sup1), 48-62.
Automotive tires are described by several alphanumeric tire codes (in North American English) or tyre codes (in Commonwealth English), which are generally molded into the sidewall of the tire. These codes specify the dimensions of the tire and its key limitations, such as load-bearing ability and maximum speed.
ISO 5775 is an international standard for labeling the size of bicycle tires and rims.The system used was originally developed by the European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation (ETRTO).
Tyre is the oldest spelling, [5] and both tyre and tire were used during the 15th and 16th centuries. During the 17th and 18th centuries, tire became more common in print. The spelling tyre did not reappear until the 1840s when the English began shrink-fitting railway car wheels with malleable iron.
Best Training Tire: Continental Gator Hardshell Road Tire. Best Racing Tire for Wet Conditions: Specialized S-Works Turbo 2BR. Easy-to-Setup Tubeless Tire: Schwalbe Pro One TLE.
Plot showing lateral force building up as a bicycle tire rolls forward at a 2.4º slip angle. The results from three separate test runs are superimposed. Relaxation length is a property of pneumatic tires that describes the delay between when a slip angle is introduced and when the cornering force reaches its steady-state value. [1]