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The descending aorta anatomically consists of two portions or segments, the thoracic and the abdominal aorta, in correspondence with the two great cavities of the trunk in which it is situated. Within the abdomen, the descending aorta branches into the two common iliac arteries which serve the pelvis and eventually legs.
The thoracic aorta is a continuation of the descending aorta and becomes the abdominal aorta when it passes through the diaphragm. The initial part of the aorta , the ascending aorta , rises out of the left ventricle, from which it is separated by the aortic valve .
Between the mobile ascending aorta and the relatively fixed descending thoracic aorta is the aortic isthmus. When there is a sudden deceleration the mobile ascending aorta pushes forward creating a whiplash effect on the aortic isthmus. [9] However, a different mechanism is involved when the ascending aorta proximal to the isthmus is torn.
The ligamentum arteriosum (arterial ligament), also known as Botallo's ligament, Harvey's ligament, and Botallo's duct, [1] is a small ligament attaching the aorta to the pulmonary artery. [ clarification needed ] It serves no function in adults but is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus formed within three weeks after birth .
By far the most common site for tearing in traumatic aortic rupture is the proximal descending aorta, near where the left subclavian artery branches off from the aorta. [7] The tethering of the aorta by the ligamentum arteriosum makes the site prone to shearing forces during sudden deceleration.
The azygos vein transports deoxygenated blood from the posterior walls of the thorax and abdomen into the superior vena cava.. It is formed by the union of the ascending lumbar veins with the right subcostal veins at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra, ascending to the right of the descending aorta and thoracic duct, passing behind the right crus of diaphragm, anterior to the vertebral ...
The thoracic duct traverses the diaphragm at the aortic hiatus [3] to enter the posterior mediastinum. [3] Posterior mediastinum. It ascends the posterior mediastinum between the descending thoracic aorta (to its left) and the azygos vein (to its right), [4] and is situated posterior to the esophagus at the T7 vertebral level. It crosses the ...
In addition to being able to be either right or left-sided, the vessel can arise from a lumbar artery instead of from the aorta. [ 5 ] In an extensive literature review, recognition of the AKA using CT and/or MR was achieved in 466 of 555 cases (83.96%) and in 384 (83.3%) cases the AKA originated from a left intercostal artery.