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In secondary spontaneous pneumothorax, the estimated annual AAIR is 6.3 and 2.0 cases per 100,000 person-years for males and females, [21] [55] respectively, with the risk of recurrence depending on the presence and severity of any underlying lung disease.
Treatment of a spontaneous pneumothorax is dependent on the volume of air in the pleural space and the natural progression of the individual's condition. A small pneumothorax might resolve without active treatment in one to two weeks. Recurrent pneumothoraces might require chest surgery.
Though pneumothorax caused by BHD often occurs in middle age, at a median age of 38, 17% of affected people have a spontaneous pneumothorax before turning 40. [2] Pneumothoraces have been seen in people as young as 7 and 16 years of age. [6] Some families have a form of BHD that only affects the lungs. [11]
Catamenial pneumothorax (CP) is defined as a spontaneous pneumothorax that occurs within the window of 24 hours before and 72 hours after the onset of menstrual cycle (18). Previously considered a rare cause of spontaneous pneumothorax, CP is now increasingly been recognized as a common cause for recurrent pneumothoraces in females.
On radiological studies, pneumothorax is visualized using conventional chest x-rays and CT scans. In 90% of the cases, the pneumothorax is located on the right side. In some cases, small nodules can be seen in the pleura using CT scans. Confirmation can be done using video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). [8]
Young children most commonly ingest toys, coins, or food. [21] On chest x-ray, the most frequent sign is air trapping that can lead to a mediastinal shift. Atelectasis and pneumothorax may also occur in the setting of foreign body aspiration. The diagnosis is made in conjunction with clinical symptoms and confirmed and treated with bronchoscopy ...
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Pneumothorax: a collection of air within the pleural cavity, arising either from the outside or from the lung. Pneumothoraces may be traumatic, iatrogenic , or spontaneous. A tension pneumothorax is a particular type of pneumothorax where the air may enter (though a defect of the chest wall, lung, or airways) on inspiration, but cannot exit on ...