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Croup (/ k r uː p / KROOP), also known as croupy cough, is a type of respiratory infection that is usually caused by a virus. [2] The infection leads to swelling inside the trachea, which interferes with normal breathing and produces the classic symptoms of "barking/brassy" cough, inspiratory stridor and a hoarse voice. [2]
The viruses have a tendency towards different complications: influenza is more likely to cause severe pneumonia in high-risk groups; parainfluenza is more likely to cause croup in children. Influenza has effective vaccines available and can be treated with antiviral medications like neuraminidase inhibitors.
[1] [2] The presence of the steeple sign supports a diagnosis of croup, usually caused by paramyxoviruses. [3] It can also be defined as the replacement of the usual squared-shoulder appearance of the subglottic area by cone-shaped narrowing just distal to the vocal cords. This is called the steeple or pencil-point sign.
The omicron Covid variant appears to be leading to croup in young children under the age of 5. Doctors share what to know about kids, omicron and croup. Omicron in kids leading to a new but ...
COVID-19’s omicron variant appears to be affecting children under age 5 in a new way: a harsh, barking cough known as croup.
Approximately 15–50% of children will go on to develop more serious lower respiratory tracts infections, such as bronchiolitis, viral pneumonia, or croup. [ 19 ] [ 21 ] Infants are at the highest risk of disease progression.
In children under five years and adults over 40 years, the fatality rate may be as much as 20%. [28] In 2013, it resulted in 3,300 deaths, down from 8,000 deaths in 1990. [ 7 ] Better standards of living, mass immunization, improved diagnosis, prompt treatment, and more effective health care have led to a decrease in cases worldwide.
In children, viral infections such as croup or epiglottitis are frequent causes. [4] Adults are more likely to experience obstruction from enlargement of the tonsils or vocal cord paralysis. [3] Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common chronic cause of upper airway obstruction. [2]