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Radar is a system that uses radio waves to determine the distance (), direction (azimuth and elevation angles), and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It is a radiodetermination method [1] used to detect and track aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, map weather formations, and terrain.
Merrill Skolnik (November 6, 1927 – January 27, 2022) was an American researcher in the area of radar systems and the author or editor of a number of standard texts in the field. He is best known for his introductory text "Introduction to Radar Systems" and for editing the "Radar Handbook".
[15]: 1–3 [23]: xiii–xiv In this military radar, microwave radiation is transmitted between the source and the reflector by a waveguide. The figure suggests that microwaves leave the box in a circularly symmetric mode (allowing the antenna to rotate), then they are converted to a linear mode, and pass through a flexible stage.
Radar engineering is the design of technical aspects pertaining to the components of a radar and their ability to detect the return energy from moving scatterers — determining an object's position or obstruction in the environment.
The secondary radar antenna array rides atop the primary radar dish at the radar site, with both rotating at approximately 12 revolutions per minute. The Digital Airport Surveillance Radar (DASR) is a newer TRACON radar system, replacing the old analog systems with digital technology.
A STAP Overview, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine – Special Tutorials Issue, Vol. 19, No. 1, January 2004, pp. 19–35. Michael Parker, Radar Basics – Part 4: Space-time adaptive processing, EETimes, 6/28/2011
A simple calculation reveals that a radar echo will take approximately 10.8 μs to return from a target 1 statute mile away (counting from the leading edge of the transmitter pulse (T 0), (sometimes known as transmitter main bang)). For convenience, these figures may also be expressed as 1 nautical mile in 12.4 μs or 1 kilometre in 6.7 μs.
In 1959, DARPA developed an experimental phased array radar called Electronically Steered Array Radar (ESAR). It was a large two-dimensional phased array with beam steering controlled by computers instead of requiring mechanical motion of the antenna. The first module, a linear array, was completed in 1960. It formed the basis of the AN/FPS-85. [1]