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Austenite, also known as gamma-phase iron (γ-Fe), is a metallic, non-magnetic allotrope of iron or a solid solution of iron with an alloying element. [1] In plain-carbon steel , austenite exists above the critical eutectoid temperature of 1000 K (727 °C); other alloys of steel have different eutectoid temperatures.
Its primary crystalline structure is austenite (face-centered cubic). Such steels are not hardenable by heat treatment and are essentially non-magnetic. [2] This structure is achieved by adding enough austenite-stabilizing elements such as nickel, manganese and nitrogen.
In steel it produces a bainite microstructure whereas in cast irons it produces a structure of acicular ferrite and high carbon, stabilized austenite known as ausferrite. It is primarily used to improve mechanical properties or reduce / eliminate distortion. Austempering is defined by both the process and the resultant microstructure.
Carbon – Controls the peak hardness of the material and is an austenite stabiliser, [15] which is necessary for martensite formation. HY-80 is prone to the formation of martensite and martensite's peak hardness is dependent on its carbon content.
Microstructures of four kinds of duplex stainless steel in each direction. Duplex stainless steels are usually divided into three groups based on their pitting corrosion resistance, characterised by the pitting resistance equivalence number, PREN = %Cr + 3.3 %Mo + 16 %N.
Tens of thousands of California residents will be forced to decide whether to permanently relocate or face construction bills after a wildfire crisis that’s weakened California’s insurance.
In industrial chemistry, a stabilizer or stabiliser is a chemical that is used to prevent degradation. [1] Above all, heat and light stabilizers are added to plastic and rubber materials because they ensure safe processing and protect products against aging and weathering.
How can you tell if they’re safe past their expiration dates? Here, doctors explain how long most vitamins last and any risks associated with taking expired vitamins.