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Arsenic is used as the group 15 element in the III-V semiconductors gallium arsenide, indium arsenide, and aluminium arsenide. [10] The valence electron count of GaAs is the same as a pair of Si atoms, but the band structure is completely different which results in distinct bulk properties. [ 11 ]
The light pnictogens (nitrogen, phosphorus, and arsenic) tend to form −3 charges when reduced, completing their octet. When oxidized or ionized, pnictogens typically take an oxidation state of +3 (by losing all three p-shell electrons in the valence shell) or +5 (by losing all three p-shell and both s-shell electrons in the valence shell).
The number of valence electrons of an element can be determined by the periodic table group (vertical column) in which the element is categorized. In groups 1–12, the group number matches the number of valence electrons; in groups 13–18, the units digit of the group number matches the number of valence electrons. (Helium is the sole ...
Arsenic is used as the group 5 element in the III-V semiconductors gallium arsenide, indium arsenide, and aluminium arsenide. [41] The valence electron count of GaAs is the same as a pair of Si atoms, but the band structure is completely different which results in distinct bulk properties. [42]
In its standard state arsine is a colorless, denser-than-air gas that is slightly soluble in water (2% at 20 °C) [1] and in many organic solvents as well. [citation needed] Arsine itself is odorless, [5] but it oxidizes in air and this creates a slight garlic or fish-like scent when the compound is present above 0.5 ppm. [6]
The noble gases have full valence electron shells. Valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom and are normally the only electrons that participate in chemical bonding. Atoms with full valence electron shells are extremely stable and therefore do not tend to form chemical bonds and have little tendency to gain or lose electrons. [35]
When arsenic(III) is present, a brown coloration appears forming a dark precipitate of arsenic, according to the following simplified reaction: 2 As 3+ + 3 Sn 2+ → 2 As 0 + 3 Sn 4+ Here three tin atoms are oxidized from oxidation state +2 to +4, yielding six electrons that reduce two arsenic atoms from oxidation state +3 to 0. The simple one ...
Other reactions of main group compounds with yellow arsenic have been shown to involve units of arsenic with more than four atoms. In reaction with the silylene compound [PhC(NtBu) 2 SiN(SiMe 3) 2], an aggregation of As 4 was observed to form a cage compound of ten arsenic atoms, including a seven-membered arsenic ring at its center. [9]