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Project production management (PPM) [1] [2] is the application of operations management [2] [3] to the delivery of capital projects. The PPM framework is based on a project as a production system view, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] in which a project transforms inputs (raw materials, information, labor, plant & machinery) into outputs (goods and services).
An increasing number of organizations are using what is referred to as project portfolio management (PPM) as a means of selecting the right projects and then using project management techniques [81] as the means for delivering the outcomes in the form of benefits to the performing public, private or not-for-profit organization.
Construction cost management is a fee-based service in which the construction manager (CM) is responsible exclusively to the owner, acting in the owner's interests at every stage of the project. The construction manager offers impartial advice on matters such as: Optimum use of available funds; Control of the scope of the work; Project scheduling
Construction along Ontario Highway 401, widening the road from six to twelve travel lanes. A construction project is a complex net of construction contracts and other legal obligations, each of which all parties must carefully consider. A contract is the exchange of a set of obligations between two or more parties, and provides structures to ...
The EPC contractor coordinates all design, procurement and construction work and ensures that the whole project is completed as required and in time. They may or may not undertake actual site work. EPC companies are often used in large-scale projects, such as power plants, refineries, chemical processing facilities, infrastructure projects, and ...
The Patent Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. P-4) [1] makes explicit reference to a "person skilled in the art" in the s. 28.3 requirement that the subject matter of a patent be non-obvious. 28.3 The subject-matter defined by a claim in an application for a patent in Canada must be subject-matter that would not have been obvious on the claim date to a ...
This drawing must be filed with the application. This includes practically all inventions except compositions of matter or processes, but a drawing may also be useful in the case of many processes. [13] The drawing must show every feature of the invention specified in the claims and is required by the patent office rules to be in a particular ...
The Chakrabarty Court said that "we must determine whether respondent's micro-organism constitutes a 'manufacture' or 'composition of matter' within the meaning of the statute. [8] The Court's answer to its question was yes----"respondent's micro-organism plainly qualifies as patentable subject matter." [9] But the Court never said which one it ...