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An aerodynamic heat shield consists of a protective layer of special materials to dissipate the heat. Two basic types of aerodynamic heat shield have been used: An ablative heat shield consists of a layer of plastic resin, the outer surface of which is heated to a gas, which then carries the heat away by convection .
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Atmospheric re-entry spacecraft use phenol formaldehyde resin as a key component in ablative heat shields (e.g. AVCOAT on the Apollo modules). As the heat shield skin temperature can reach 1000-2000 °C, the resin pyrolizes due to aerodynamic heating. This reaction absorbs significant thermal energy, insulating the deeper layers of the heat shield.
Multi-layer insulation (MLI) is thermal insulation composed of multiple layers of thin sheets and is often used on spacecraft and cryogenics. Also referred to as superinsulation, [ 1 ] MLI is one of the main items of the spacecraft thermal design , primarily intended to reduce heat loss by thermal radiation .
layering materials of emergency blanket 32 layers are 0.45mm thick. First developed by NASA ' s Marshall Space Flight Center in 1964 for the US space program, [2] [3] [4] the material comprises a thin sheet of plastic (often PET film) that is coated with a metallic, reflecting agent, making it metallized polyethylene terephthalate (MPET) that is usually gold or silver in color, which reflects ...
The material is mixed into the heat shields that protect spacecraft as they leave and reenter the Earth's atmosphere. ... Insulation panels that absorb vibration, making train carriages quieter ...
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