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Lenz's law states that the direction of the electric current induced in a conductor by a changing magnetic field is such that the magnetic field created by the induced current opposes changes in the initial magnetic field. It is named after physicist Heinrich Lenz, who formulated it in 1834. [1]
Lenz's law can be derived from Faraday's law of induction by noting the negative sign on the right side of the equation. He also independently discovered Joule's law in 1842; to honor his efforts, Russian physicists refer to it as the "Joule–Lenz law". 1833 – Michael Faraday announces his law of electrochemical equivalents
Among the textbooks published after Jackson's book, Julian Schwinger's 1970s lecture notes is a mentionable book first published in 1998 posthumously. Due to the domination of Jackson's textbook in graduate physics education, even physicists like Schwinger became frustrated competing with Jackson and because of this, the publication of ...
That is, the back-EMF is also due to inductance and Faraday's law, but occurs even when the motor current is not changing, and arises from the geometric considerations of an armature spinning in a magnetic field. This voltage is in series with and opposes the original applied voltage and is called "back-electromotive force" (by Lenz's law).
By Lenz's law, an eddy current creates a magnetic field that opposes the change in the magnetic field that created it, and thus eddy currents react back on the source of the magnetic field. For example, a nearby conductive surface will exert a drag force on a moving magnet that opposes its motion, due to eddy currents induced in the surface by ...
Lenz also announced at that time his important law that, in all cases of electromagnetic induction the induced currents have such a direction that their reaction tends to stop the motion that produces them, a law that was perhaps deducible from Faraday's explanation of Arago's rotations. [11] [91]
Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz (German: [ˈeːmɪl ˈlɛnts]; also Emil Khristianovich Lenz; Russian: Эми́лий Христиа́нович Ленц; 12 February 1804 – 10 February 1865), usually cited as Emil Lenz [1] [2] or Heinrich Lenz in some countries, was a Russian physicist who is most noted for formulating Lenz's law in electrodynamics in 1834.
The theory of special relativity plays an important role in the modern theory of classical electromagnetism.It gives formulas for how electromagnetic objects, in particular the electric and magnetic fields, are altered under a Lorentz transformation from one inertial frame of reference to another.