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  2. Electric current - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current

    A flow of positive charges gives the same electric current, and has the same effect in a circuit, as an equal flow of negative charges in the opposite direction. Since current can be the flow of either positive or negative charges, or both, a convention is needed for the direction of current that is independent of the type of charge carriers ...

  3. Diode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode

    In most diodes, a white or black painted band identifies the cathode into which electrons will flow when the diode is conducting. Electron flow is the reverse of conventional current flow. [2] [3] [4] A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts current primarily in one direction (asymmetric conductance).

  4. Fleming's left-hand rule for motors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleming's_left-hand_rule...

    Fleming's left-hand rule. Fleming's left-hand rule for electric motors is one of a pair of visual mnemonics, the other being Fleming's right-hand rule for generators. [1] [2] [3] They were originated by John Ambrose Fleming, in the late 19th century, as a simple way of working out the direction of motion in an electric motor, or the direction of electric current in an electric generator.

  5. Electromotive force - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromotive_force

    The flow of positively charged cations along the bridge is equivalent to the same number of negative charges flowing in the opposite direction. If the light bulb is removed (open circuit) the emf between the electrodes is opposed by the electric field due to the charge separation, and the reactions stop.

  6. Drift velocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drift_velocity

    The formula for evaluating the drift velocity of charge carriers in a material of constant cross-sectional area is given by: [1] =, where u is the drift velocity of electrons, j is the current density flowing through the material, n is the charge-carrier number density, and q is the charge on the charge-carrier.

  7. Charge transport mechanisms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_transport_mechanisms

    Crystalline solids and molecular solids are two opposite extreme cases of materials that exhibit substantially different transport mechanisms. While in atomic solids transport is intra-molecular, also known as band transport, in molecular solids the transport is inter-molecular, also known as hopping transport.

  8. Field-effect transistor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field-effect_transistor

    Note that the threshold voltage for this device lies around 0.45 V. FET conventional symbol types. The FET controls the flow of electrons (or electron holes) from the source to drain by affecting the size and shape of a "conductive channel" created and influenced by voltage (or lack of voltage) applied across the gate and source terminals. (For ...

  9. Electrostatic motor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_motor

    An electrostatic motor or capacitor motor is a type of electric motor based on the attraction and repulsion of electric charge. An alternative type of electrostatic motor is the spacecraft electrostatic ion drive thruster where forces and motion are created by electrostatically accelerating ions.