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When comparing a polar and nonpolar molecule with similar molar masses, the polar molecule in general has a higher boiling point, because the dipole–dipole interaction between polar molecules results in stronger intermolecular attractions. One common form of polar interaction is the hydrogen bond, which is also known as the H-bond.
Another consequence of its structure is that water is a polar molecule. Due to the difference in electronegativity, a bond dipole moment points from each H to the O, making the oxygen partially negative and each hydrogen partially positive. A large molecular dipole, points from a region between the two hydrogen atoms to the oxygen atom. The ...
Water is a good polar solvent, dissolving many salts and hydrophilic organic molecules such as sugars and simple alcohols such as ethanol. Water also dissolves many gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide —the latter giving the fizz of carbonated beverages, sparkling wines and beers.
An example of a dipole–dipole interaction can be seen in hydrogen chloride (HCl): the positive end of a polar molecule will attract the negative end of the other molecule and influence its position. Polar molecules have a net attraction between them. Examples of polar molecules include hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chloroform (CHCl 3).
Ozone is a polar molecule with a dipole moment of 0.53 D. [33] The molecule can be represented as a resonance hybrid with two contributing structures, each with a single bond on one side and double bond on the other. The arrangement possesses an overall bond order of 1.5 for both sides. It is isoelectronic with the nitrite anion.
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Polar protic solvents: formic acid: HCO 2 H: 101 °C 58 1.21 g/mL 1.41 D n-butanol: CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH: 118 °C 18 0.810 g/mL 1.63 D isopropanol (IPA) (CH 3) 2 CH ...
Reacts with amines and alcohols, soluble in polar organic solvents Magnetic susceptibility (χ)-50.6·10 −6 cm 3 /mol ... It is a molecule with trigonal planar ...