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Pioneer 10 and 11 speed and distance from the Sun Heliocentric positions of the five interstellar probes (squares) and other bodies (circles) until 2020, with launch and flyby dates. Markers denote positions on 1 January of each year, with every fifth year labelled.
Launch date Carrier rocket Operator Mission Type Outcome 1 Pioneer 11: Pioneer 11: 6 April 1973: Atlas SLV-3D Centaur-D1A [3] NASA: Flyby Successful First probe to reach Saturnian system. Closest approach on 1 September 1979 at 16:31 UTC. Flew past Iapetus, Dione, Mimas, Tethys, Enceladus, Rhea and Titan at long distances. Discovered Epimetheus ...
Pioneer 10: Jupiter 3 March 1972 3 December 1973 641 days (1 yr, 9 mos, 1 d) Pioneer 10 was the first spacecraft to fly by Jupiter. [86] Pioneer 11: Jupiter 6 April 1973 4 December 1974 608 days (1 yr, 7 mo, 29 d) Pioneer 11 flew by Jupiter. [87] Saturn 1 September 1979 2340 days (6 yr, 4 mo, 27 d) Pioneer 11 was the first spacecraft to fly by ...
Pioneer 9 (Pioneer D) – launched November 1968 (inactive since 1983) Pioneer E – lost in launcher failure August 1969; Pioneer 6 and Pioneer 9 are in solar orbits with 0.8 AU distance to the Sun. Their orbital periods are therefore slightly shorter than Earth's. Pioneer 7 and Pioneer 8 are in solar orbits with 1.1 AU distance to the Sun.
Date is the date of: closest encounter (flybys) ... 10 May 1971 (launch) orbiter failure ... Pioneer 10: NASA: success
Pioneer 10 – launched in 1972, flew past Jupiter in 1973 and is heading in the direction of Aldebaran (65 light years away) in the constellation of Taurus.Contact was lost in January 2003, and it is estimated to have passed 134 astronomical units (AU; one AU is roughly the average distance between Earth and the Sun: 150 million kilometers (93 million miles)).
The dates listed are launch dates, but the achievements noted may have occurred some time later—in some cases, ... [10] Pioneer 4: 3 March 1959 Lunar flyby [11] [12]
Launch date Origin Name Launch vehicle Target Status Description 1960 March 11 US: Pioneer 5: Thor-Able: Sun Success: Solar monitor. Measured magnetic field phenomena, solar flare particles, and ionization in the interplanetary region [3] May 15 Soviet Union: Korabl-Sputnik 1: Vostok-L: Earth Success