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Florence Littauer (née Chapman; April 27, 1928 – July 11, 2020) [1] was an American Christian self-help author and public speaker.Littauer is best known for her series of books based upon the Personality Plus personality system. [2]
Johari window. The Johari window is a technique [1] designed to help people better understand their relationship with themselves and others. It was created by psychologists Joseph Luft (1916–2014) and Harrington Ingham (1916–1995) in 1955, and is used primarily in self-help groups and corporate settings as a heuristic exercise.
Unlike other writers who have used this metaphor, Goffman seems to take all elements of acting into consideration: an actor performs on a setting which is constructed of a stage and a backstage; the props in both settings direct his action; he is being watched by an audience, but at the same time he may be an audience for his viewers' play.
Chimpanzees and other apes—extensively studied species—are most similar to humans, with the most convincing findings and straightforward evidence of self-awareness in animals. [43] During the red-spot technique, after looking in the mirror, chimpanzees used their fingers to touch the red dot on their forehead and, after touching the red dot ...
Self-image is the mental picture, generally of a kind that is quite resistant to change, that depicts not only details that are potentially available to an objective investigation by others (height, weight, hair color, etc.), but also items that have been learned by persons about themselves, either from personal experiences or by internalizing the judgments of others.
In other words, one's self-evaluation relies on self-perceptions and how others perceive them. Self-concept can alternate rapidly between one's personal and social identity. [14] Children and adolescents begin integrating social identity into their own self-concept in elementary school by assessing their position among peers. [15]
Understanding others' intentions is another critical precursor to understanding other minds because intentionality is a fundamental feature of mental states and events. The "intentional stance" was defined by Daniel Dennett [ 29 ] as an understanding that others' actions are goal-directed and arise from particular beliefs or desires.
Other theorists have referred to the same thing in several different ways: The phenomenal self [53] Spontaneous self-concept [54] Self-identifications [55] Aspects of the working self-concept [56] The current self-representation influences information processing, emotion, and behavior and is influenced by both personal and situational factors.