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Augustus Edward Hough Love predicted the existence of Love waves mathematically in 1911. They form a distinct class, different from other types of seismic waves, such as P-waves and S-waves (both body waves), or Rayleigh waves (another type of surface wave). Love waves travel with a lower velocity than P- or S- waves, but faster than Rayleigh ...
Rayleigh waves are generated by the interaction of P- and S- waves at the surface of the earth, and travel with a velocity that is lower than the P-, S-, and Love wave velocities. Rayleigh waves emanating outward from the epicenter of an earthquake travel along the surface of the earth at about 10 times the speed of sound in air (0.340 km/s ...
Love waves are horizontally polarized shear waves (SH waves), existing only in the presence of a layered medium. [9] They are named after Augustus Edward Hough Love, a British mathematician who created a mathematical model of the waves in 1911. [10] They usually travel slightly faster than Rayleigh waves, about 90% of the S wave velocity.
Love waves have transverse motion (movement is perpendicular to the direction of travel, like light waves), whereas Rayleigh waves have both longitudinal (movement parallel to the direction of travel, like sound waves) and transverse motion. Seismic waves are studied by seismologists and measured by a seismograph or seismometer.
Both Rayleigh and Love waves can be used. The low frequency waves lead to low resolution models, therefore these models have difficulty with crustal structure. Free oscillations , or normal mode seismology , are the long wavelength, low frequency movements of the surface of the Earth which can be thought of as a type of surface wave.
2. Particle movement perpendicular to wave movement. Rayleigh wave: Surface: 1. Include both longitudinal & transverse motions. 2. Amplitude decreases exponentially with increasing distance from surface. Love wave: Surface: 1. Wave speed lower than P-wave & S-wave, but higher than Rayleigh wave. 2. Horizonal particle movement perpendicular to ...
In some cases, multiple arrays of different sizes may be realized and the results merged. The information of the Vertical components is only linked to the Rayleigh waves, and therefore easier to interpret, but method using the all three ground motion components are also developed, providing information about Rayleigh and Love wavefield.
Since Rayleigh waves are composed of P and S-waves and Love waves are composed of only S waves, Haskell derived the elastic wave equations for both P and S-waves. These equations were modified to show Rayleigh wave motion. After assuming a free surface boundary where no stresses or strains cross, the Rayleigh wave equation is simplified.