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Tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG), [1] also called tetanus antibodies or tetanus antitoxin. [45] It can be given as intravenous therapy or by intramuscular injection. Antibiotic therapy to reduce toxin production. Metronidazole intravenous (IV) is a preferred treatment. [47] Benzodiazepines can be used to control muscle spasms.
Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin, also known as tetanus immune globulin (TIG) and tetanus antitoxin, is a medication made up of antibodies against the tetanus toxin. [1] It is used to prevent tetanus in those who have a wound that is at high risk, have not been fully vaccinated with tetanus toxoid , or have HIV/AIDS .
In such cases, it can be given with or without tetanus immunoglobulin (also called tetanus antibodies or tetanus antitoxin [10]). It can be given as intravenous therapy or by intramuscular injection. [citation needed] The guidelines for such events in the United States for non-pregnant people 11 years and older are as follows: [11]
Tetanus antiserum was developed in 1890, with its protective effects lasting a few weeks. [9] [10] The tetanus toxoid vaccine was developed in 1924, and came into common use for soldiers in World War II. [2] [11] Its use resulted in a 95% decrease in the rate of tetanus. [2] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [12]
Tetanus prophylaxis is routinely given to enhance immune response against Clostridium tetani. Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin is only indicated for those with highly contaminated wounds with uncertain vaccination history. Single intramuscular dose of 3000 to 5000 units of tetanus immunoglobulin is given to provide immediate immunity. [5]
It may also be administered as prophylaxis for wound management. [87] Hypersensitivity reaction (anaphylaxis) after previously receiving a vaccine containing any form of tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, or pertussis-containing antigen. Hypersensitivity reaction (anaphylaxis) to any ingredient within a previously administered Boostrix vaccine.
Tetanus is a medical emergency that requires hospitalization, immediate treatment with human tetanus immune globulin (TIG), the tetanus vaccine, drugs to control muscle spasms, aggressive wound care, antibiotics, and depending on how severe the infection is, the patient may need to be put on a ventilator (a machine that breathes for you). [27]
Sutures may be used to close wounds. A dressing can be placed over wounds to keep them clean and to facilitate healing, and antibiotics may be used in cases where infection is likely. [13] People with contaminated wounds who have not been immunized against tetanus within five years may be given a tetanus vaccination. [3]