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Cephalopods have large, well-developed brains, [8] [9] [10] and their brain-to-body mass ratio is the largest among the invertebrates, falling between that of endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates. [11] The nervous system of cephalopods is the most complex of all invertebrates.
An octopus (pl.: octopuses or octopodes [a]) is a soft-bodied, eight-limbed mollusc of the order Octopoda (/ ɒ k ˈ t ɒ p ə d ə /, ok-TOP-ə-də [3]). The order consists of some 300 species and is grouped within the class Cephalopoda with squids, cuttlefish, and nautiloids.
Cephalopod limbs bear numerous suckers along their ventral surface as in octopus, squid and cuttlefish arms and in clusters at the ends of the tentacles (if present), as in squid and cuttlefish. [9] Each sucker is usually circular and bowl-like and has two distinct parts: an outer shallow cavity called an infundibulum and a central hollow ...
[12]: 2 These chromatophores are found throughout the body of the octopus, however, they are controlled by the same part of the brain that controls elongation during jet propulsion to reduce drag. As such, jetting octopuses can turn pale because the brain is unable to achieve both controlling elongation and controlling the chromatophores. [ 40 ]
In the video above, the scientist explains that this particular species of octopus has "beaks for mouths and their brains are donut-shaped and surround their esophagus.
Researchers have identified an extinct vampire squid-like creature that is the first of its kind with 10 functional arms. The earliest known relative of octopuses and vampire squid has been named ...
[3] Since most of the animals' neurons are in their partly-autonomous arms, "'for an octopus, its arms are partly self – they can be directed and used to manipulate things. But from the central brain's perspective they are partly non-self too, partly agents of their own.' This is as alien a mind as we could hope to encounter."
These selective pressures may explain why the octopus’ brain is the largest of any invertebrate and vastly larger and more sophisticated than the clams. There’s another concept that comes into ...