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S waves are transverse waves, meaning that the direction of particle movement of an S wave is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, and the main restoring force comes from shear stress. [2] Therefore, S waves cannot propagate in liquids [3] with zero (or very low) viscosity; however, they may propagate in liquids with high ...
Shear wave splitting, also called seismic birefringence, is the phenomenon that occurs when a polarized shear wave enters an anisotropic medium (Fig. 1). The incident shear wave splits into two polarized shear waves (Fig. 2). Shear wave splitting is typically used as a tool for testing the anisotropy of an area of interest.
In seismology, shear waves are also called secondary waves or S-waves. Transverse waves are contrasted with longitudinal waves, where the oscillations occur in the direction of the wave. The standard example of a longitudinal wave is a sound wave or "pressure wave" in gases, liquids, or solids, whose oscillations cause compression and expansion ...
This relationship can be used to estimate the stiffness of biological tissues based on the calculated shear modulus from shear-wave propagation measurements. A driver system produces and transmits acoustic waves set at a specific frequency (50–500 Hz) to the tissue sample. At these frequencies, the velocity of shear waves can be about 1–10 m/s.
Love waves are horizontally polarized shear waves (SH waves), existing only in the presence of a layered medium. [9] They are named after Augustus Edward Hough Love, a British mathematician who created a mathematical model of the waves in 1911. [10] They usually travel slightly faster than Rayleigh waves, about 90% of the S wave velocity.
These provinces are characterized by slow shear wave velocities and were discovered by seismic tomography of deep Earth. There are two main provinces: the African LLSVP and the Pacific LLSVP, both extending laterally for thousands of kilometers and possibly up to 1,000 kilometres vertically from the core–mantle boundary.
Sound waves in solids are composed of compression waves (just as in gases and liquids) and a different type of sound wave called a shear wave, which occurs only in solids. Shear waves in solids usually travel at different speeds than compression waves, as exhibited in seismology. The speed of compression waves in solids is determined by the ...
It is characterized by unusually low seismic shear wave velocity compared to the surrounding depth intervals. This range of depths also corresponds to anomalously high electrical conductivity. It is present between about 80 and 300 km depth. This appears to be universally present for S waves, but may be absent in certain regions for P waves. [2]