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Medical or clean asepsis reduces the number of organisms and prevents their spread; surgical or sterile asepsis includes procedures to eliminate micro-organisms from an area and is practiced by surgical technologists and nurses. [1] Ultimately, though, successful usage of aseptic operations depends on a combination of preparatory actions. [11]
Surgical cutting instruments are often made from 440 or 420 stainless due to its high hardness coupled with acceptable corrosion resistance. This type of stainless steel may be slightly magnetic. General surgical tools are made from other chromium-bearing stainless steels, such as 17-4 .
Skin disinfection is a process that involves the application of a disinfectant to reduce levels of microorganisms on the skin. [1] Disinfecting the skin of the patient and the hands of the healthcare providers are an important part of surgery.
Waste sharps include potentially contaminated used (and unused discarded) needles, scalpels, lancets and other devices capable of penetrating skin. Biomedical waste is generated from biological and medical sources and activities, such as the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of diseases.
In addition to needles and blades, anything attached to them, such as syringes and injection devices, is also considered sharps waste.. Blades can include razors, scalpels, X-Acto knives, scissors, or any other items used for cutting in a medical or biological research setting, regardless of whether they have been contaminated with biohazardous material.
Trichloroethylene's discovery is widely attributed to E. Fischer who made it in 1864 via the reduction of hexachloroethane with hydrogen. Fischer investigated TCE and noted its boiling point as between 87 and 90 degrees Celsius. [12] [13] [14] Commercial production began in Germany, in 1920 and in the US in 1925. [15]
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Class 3 – contaminated wound: an open, accidental wound resulting from trauma outside of a sterile setting is automatically considered a contaminated wound. Additionally, any surgical wound where there is a major break in sterile technique or obvious contamination from the gastrointestinal tract is considered a contaminated wound.