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Standard Trading Conditions (STC) are standardized terms imposed by some countries for accepting cargo by shipping lines, airlines and logistics services providers like freight forwarders and customs agents. They are usually printed as the fine print behind the shipping documents like bill of lading, air way bill, or consignment note
Incoterms 2010, the 8th revision, refers to the newest collection of essential international commercial and trade terms with 11 rules. Incoterm 2010 was effective on and from January 1, 2011. The terms were devised in recognition of non-uniform standard trade usages between various States.
The first work published by the ICC on international trade terms was issued in 1923, with the first edition known as Incoterms published in 1936. The Incoterms rules were amended in 1953, [ 5 ] 1967, 1976, 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010, with the ninth version — Incoterms 2020 [ 6 ] — having been published on September 10, 2019.
FOB (free on board) is a term in international commercial law specifying at what point respective obligations, costs, and risk involved in the delivery of goods shift from the seller to the buyer under the Incoterms standard published by the International Chamber of Commerce. FOB is only used in non-containerized sea freight or inland waterway ...
These standards are conventionally accepted as best practice and used globally by industry and organizations. In circumstances and situations there are certain methods and systems that are used as benchmarks, guidelines or protocols for communication , measurement , orientation , reference for information , science , symbols and time .
International or global standards are agreements on common technical approaches that are used world-wide. Typical examples are: Internet standards — HTTP, SMTP ...
Among the terms and conditions of 31 cloud-computing services in January-July 2010, operating in England: [6] 27 specified the law to be used (a US state or other country) most specify that consumers can claim against the company only in a particular city in that jurisdiction, though often the company can claim against the consumer anywhere
A standard form contract (sometimes referred to as a contract of adhesion, a leonine contract, [a] a take-it-or-leave-it contract, or a boilerplate contract) is a contract between two parties, where the terms and conditions of the contract are set by one of the parties, and the other party has little or no ability to negotiate more favorable terms and is thus placed in a "take it or leave it ...