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The term is most often applied to liquids but also applies to solids and gases. An example in liquids is the miscibility of water and ethanol as they mix in all proportions. [1] By contrast, substances are said to be immiscible if the mixture does not form a solution for certain proportions.
[2]: 185 Examples at higher temperatures are the aniline-water system at 168 °C (334 °F) (at pressures high enough for liquid water to exist at that temperature), [3]: 230 and the lead-zinc system at 798 °C (1,468 °F) (a temperature where both metals are liquid). [3]: 232 A solid state example is the palladium-hydrogen system which has a ...
The following compounds are liquid at room temperature and are completely miscible with water; they are often used as solvents. Many of them are hygroscopic . Organic compounds
Making a saline water solution by dissolving table salt in water.The salt is the solute and the water the solvent. In chemistry, a solution is defined by IUPAC as "A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance, when for convenience one (or more) substance, which is called the solvent, is treated differently from the other substances, which are called solutes.
Partition coefficients can also be defined when one of the phases is solid, for instance, when one phase is a molten metal and the second is a solid metal, [6] or when both phases are solids. [7] The partitioning of a substance into a solid results in a solid solution .
The solute can be a solid, a liquid, or a gas, while the solvent is usually solid or liquid. Both may be pure substances, or may themselves be solutions. Gases are always miscible in all proportions, except in very extreme situations, [3] and a solid or liquid can be "dissolved" in a gas only by passing into the gaseous state first.
In the case of solids, the amount of free energy to form a given unit of surface area is called surface energy, whereas for liquids the same quantity is called surface tension. In response to surface tension, the ability of liquids to flow results in behaviour differing from that of solids, though at equilibrium both tend to minimise their ...
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.