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Many of the fungal families common in temperate forests (e.g. Russulaceae, Boletaceae, Thelephoraceae) are also widespread in the Southern Hemisphere and tropical dipterocarp forests: although the plant families are quite different in temperate and tropical forests, the ectomycorrhizal fungi are fairly similar. [53]
Elaphomyces (‘deer truffles’) is a genus of hypogeous fungi in the family Elaphomycetaceae.The widespread genus contains 25 truffle-like species. [2] Elaphomyces is one of the most important ectomycorrhizal fungal genera in temperate and subarctic forest ecosystems. [3]
An important group of root-symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi in forests and shrublands around the world includes Lactifluus, Multifurca, Russula, and Lactarius. The crust-forming genera Boidinia, Gloeopeniophorella, and Pseudoxenasma, all wood-decay fungi, have basal positions in the family.
Bioluminescent Mycena roseoflava Panellus stipticus, one of about 125 known species of bioluminescent fungi. Found largely in temperate and tropical climates, currently there are more than 125 known species of bioluminescent fungi, [1] all of which are members of the order Agaricales (Basidiomycota) with one possible exceptional ascomycete belonging to the order Xylariales. [2]
It is a common ectomycorrhizal fungus associated with several hosts across temperate forest ecosystems. Typical hosts include trees in the genera Abies, Picea, Pseudotsuga, and Tsuga. [17] The fungus has been reported in Pakistan's Himalayan moist temperate forests associated with Pinus wallichiana. [18]
The temperate rainforest of the Tongass National Forest often produces a great amount of mushrooms in the summer and fall months. Fungi can be used for dyeing natural fibers and as a food source. In the ecosystem, Fungi cycle nutrients, aggregate soil, retain water, and are a source of food for many animals.
Isolates of Mortierella can be readily obtained from forest soils on Czapek agar, hay agar, or water agar. [8] Members of this genus are thought to play significant roles in temperate forest ecosystems, though many are psychrophiles (requiring cold temperatures for growth) and are likely overlooked in soil samples incubated at room temperature. [2]
A mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a green plant and a fungus. The plant makes organic molecules by photosynthesis and supplies them to the fungus in the form of sugars or lipids, while the fungus supplies the plant with water and mineral nutrients, such as phosphorus, taken from the soil.