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Theory X and Theory Y are theories of human work motivation and management. They were created by Douglas McGregor while he was working at the MIT Sloan School of Management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. [1] McGregor's work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of Abraham Maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs.
An example of conscious motivation is a person in a clothing store who states that they want to buy a shirt and then goes on to buy one. [71] Unconscious motivation plays a central role in Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis. Unconscious motivation involves motives of which the person is not aware.
Transformational leadership enhances followers' motivation, morale, and job performance through various mechanisms. Transformational leaders connect their follower's sense of identity and self to a project and the organization's collective identity. They serve as role models by
Regulatory focus theory, according to Higgins, views motivation in a way that allows an understanding of the foundational ways we approach a task or a goal. [8] Different factors can motivate people during goal pursuit, and we self-regulate our methods and processes during our goal pursuit.
The expectancy theory of motivation explains the behavioral process of why individuals choose one behavioral option over the other. This theory explains that individuals can be motivated towards goals if they believe that there is a positive correlation between efforts and performance, the outcome of a favorable performance will result in a desirable reward, a reward from a performance will ...
Reversal theory is a structural, phenomenological theory of personality, motivation, and emotion in the field of psychology. [1] It focuses on the dynamic qualities of normal human experience to describe how a person regularly reverses between psychological states, reflecting their motivational style, the meaning they attach to a situation at a given time, and the emotions they experience.
The 3H-model of motivation ("3H" stands for the "three components of motivation") was developed by professor Hugo M. Kehr, PhD., at UC Berkeley. [1] The 3C-model is an integrative, empirically validated theory of motivation that can be used for systematic motivation diagnosis and intervention.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is an idea in psychology proposed by American psychologist Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in the journal Psychological Review. [1] The theory is a classification system intended to reflect the universal needs of society as its base, then proceeding to more acquired emotions. [18]