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The relationship between the CU and the NAWSA became unclear and troubled over time. [96] At the NAWSA convention in 1913, Paul and her allies demanded that the organization focus its efforts on a federal suffrage amendment. The convention instead empowered the executive board to limit the CU's ability to contravene NAWSA policies.
The National Woman's Party (NWP) was an American women's political organization formed in 1916 to fight for women's suffrage. After achieving this goal with the 1920 adoption of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , the NWP advocated for other issues including the Equal Rights Amendment .
Paul's methods were viewed as too militant for the NAWSA and as a result, Paul and her supporters – including Katzenstein – formed the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage, later renamed the National Women's Party (NWP). [6] One of the major differences in approach between the two major organizations was that the former (NAWSA and its ...
The NAWSA developed into the nation's largest voluntary organization, with two million members. [67] After women's suffrage was achieved in 1920 by the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution , the NAWSA transformed itself into the League of Women Voters , which is still active.
Alice Paul (1885–1977) – one of the leaders of the 1910s Women's Voting Rights Movement for the 19th Amendment; founder of the National Woman's Party (NWP); initiator of the Silent Sentinels and Woman Suffrage Parade of 1913; author of the proposed Equal Rights Amendment. [101]
The NAWSA burnished its image of respectability and engaged in highly organized lobbying at both the national and state levels. The smaller NWP also engaged in lobbying but became increasingly known for activities that were dramatic and confrontational, most often in the national capital. [228]
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By 1917, it had become the state branch of the National Woman's Party (NWP), a rival to the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) with which the CWSA was affiliated. Adopting the militant tactics of the NWP, fourteen Connecticut suffragists were arrested between 1917 and 1919 in Washington, D.C. for picketing the White House. [86]