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Memory consolidation is a category of processes that stabilize a memory trace after its initial acquisition. [1] A memory trace is a change in the nervous system caused by memorizing something. Consolidation is distinguished into two specific processes.
The involvement of arginine and nitric oxide in memory consolidation has been confirmed in birds, mammals and other creatures, including humans. [48] Glial cells have also an important role in memory formation, although how they do their work remains to be unveiled. [49] [50] Other mechanisms for memory consolidation can not be discarded.
Phenomena in memory associated with repetition, word frequency, recency, forgetting, and contiguity, among others, can be easily explained in the realm of multiple trace theory. Memory is known to improve with repeated exposure to items. For example, hearing a word several times in a list will improve recognition and recall of that word later on.
Specifically, sleep's unique properties enhance memory consolidation, such as the reactivation of newly learned memories during sleep. For example, it has been suggested that the central mechanism for consolidation of declarative memory during sleep is the reactivation of hippocampal memory representations.
This slow process, referred to as consolidation, allows emotions to influence the way the memory is stored. [7] The amygdala is involved in memory consolidation, which is the process of transferring information that is currently in working memory into ones long-term memory. This process is also known as memory modulation. [7]
One extensively studied anterograde amnesiac patient, codenamed H.M., demonstrated that despite his amnesia preventing him from learning new declarative information, procedural memory consolidation was still possible, albeit severely reduced in power. He, along with other patients with anterograde amnesia, were given the same maze to complete ...
Muscle memory consolidation involves the continuous evolution of neural processes after practicing a task has stopped. The exact mechanism of motor memory consolidation within the brain is controversial. However, most theories assume that there is a general redistribution of information across the brain from encoding to consolidation.
Consolidation of a memory is a process that takes an initially unstable representation and encodes it in a more sturdy, effective and efficient manner. In this new state, the memory is less susceptible to interference. [1] There are essentially three phases of memory consolidation and all are thought to be facilitated by sleep or not sleep: