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Black Box Corporation is an IT company headquartered in Texas, United States. [1] The company provides technology assistance and consulting services to businesses in a variety of sectors including retail, transportation, government, education, and public safety. Black Box operates in 75 locations across 35 countries.
DeepSeek-V2, DeepSeek-V2-Chat DeepSeek-V2-Lite, DeepSeek-V2-Lite-Chat DeepSeek-Coder-V2 DeepSeek-V2.5 Developed multi-head latent attention (MLA). Also used mixture of experts (MoE). DeepSeek V3 Dec 2024 DeepSeek-V3-Base DeepSeek-V3 (a chat model) The architecture is essentially the same as V2. DeepSeek R1 20 Nov 2024 DeepSeek-R1-Lite-Preview
In academic discourse, the usage of the term “black box” dates back to at least 1963 with Mario Bunge's work on a black box theory in mathematics. [18]The term “black box,” as used throughout The Black Box Society by author and law professor, Frank Pasquale, is a dual metaphor for a recording device such as a data-monitoring system and for a system whose inner workings are secret or ...
The term "black box" is used because the actual program being executed is not examined. In computing in general, a black box program is one where the user cannot see the inner workings (perhaps because it is a closed source program) or one which has no side effects and the function of which need not be examined, a routine suitable for re-use.
The concept of the black box is also important in actor–network theory as it relates to simplification. As Michel Callon notes, an actor-network is a system of discrete entities or nodes, while the reality that it represents is theoretically infinite. Therefore, in order to describe something in terms of an actor-network, complex systems must ...
Black-box testing, sometimes referred to as specification-based testing, [1] is a method of software testing that examines the functionality of an application without peering into its internal structures or workings.
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A black box theater is a simple performance space, typically a square room with black walls and a flat floor. The simplicity of the space allows it to be used to create a variety of configurations of stage and audience interaction. [ 1 ]