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In 2022 Ethiopia had one of the most severe La Niña-induced droughts in the last forty years. It came about due to four consecutive rainy seasons which did not produce enough rain. [13] This drought increased water insecurity for more than 8 million pastoralists and agro-pastoralists in the Somali, Oromia, SNNP and South-West regions.
Horrific famines occurred in Ethiopia during the 1970s and 1980s, especially in the northern part of the country where there was a bad drought. Thousands of people died. [citation needed] Deforestation can exacerbate the problems caused by drought because rain is less likely to soak into the soil and replenish ground water. [citation needed]
The Karoo in South Africa, has experienced semi-arid conditions for the last 500 years, Somalia, which has experienced three major drought crises in the last decade alone, and Ethiopia, which has seen 75% of its land affected by desertification and a major famine between 1983 and 1985.
Occurring between July 2011 and mid-2012, a severe drought affected the entire East African region. [7] Said to be "the worst in 60 years", [8] the drought caused a severe food crisis across Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia and Kenya that threatened the livelihood of 9.5 million people. [6]
Ethiopia's climate is predicted to warm between 0.7°C and 2.3°C by the ed of the 2020s and between 1.4°C and 2.9°C by the 2050s. The county's vulnerability to climate change could increase poverty and dependency on rain-fed agriculture.
The 2020–2023 Horn of Africa drought is a drought that hit the countries of Somalia, Ethiopia, and Kenya. The rainy season of 2022 was recorded to be the driest in over 40 years, [ 3 ] [ 4 ] with an estimated 43,000 in Somalia dying in 2022.
As Ethiopia increasingly experiences the effects of climate change, drought, and desertification, experts predict that "Ethiopia will have to open its markets to grain imports in order to keep up with the growing demand for meat, milk, and eggs.". [26]
Throughout the feudal era, famines were common in Ethiopia, especially in the north. [17] Local famines were also frequent but also unrecorded. [17] The most infamous was the "Great Ethiopian Famine" which killed approximately one third of Ethiopia's population between 1888 and 1892. [17] [18] In 1958, famine killed 100,000 people. [17]