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The New Testament (the half of the Christian Bible that provides an account of Jesus's life and teachings, and the orthodox history of the early Christian Church) The Talmud (the main compendium of Rabbinal debates, legends, and laws) The Tanakh (the redacted collection of Jewish religious writings from the period)
A History of Christianity (2009) presented by Diarmaid MacCulloch for the BBC; Paul Johnson (1976). A History of Christianity. Touchstone Simon and Schuster ISBN 0-684-81503-6; Reginald H. Fuller (1965). The Foundations of New Testament Christology, Scribners. John P. Meier (1991-2016). A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus, v. 1-5.
The word testament in the expression "New Testament" refers to a Christian new covenant that Christians believe completes or fulfils the Mosaic covenant (the Jewish covenant) that Yahweh (the God of Israel) made with the people of Israel on Mount Sinai through Moses, described in the books of the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. [6]
Traditional Christianity declined in the West, while new forms developed, and the centre of growth shifted from West to East and from the North to the Global South. In the twenty first century, it is the world's largest religion with more than two billion Christians worldwide .
The doctrine of the Trinity, considered the core of Christian theology by Trinitarians, is the result of continuous exploration by the church of the biblical data, thrashed out in debate and treatises, eventually formulated at the First Council of Nicaea in AD 325 in a way they believe is consistent with the biblical witness, and further refined in later councils and writings. [1]
Three of them – Syriac, Latin, Coptic – date from the late 2nd century and are older than the surviving full Greek manuscripts of the New Testament. They were written before the first revisions of the Greek New Testament and are therefore the most highly regarded.
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion, professing that Jesus was raised from the dead and is the Son of God, [7] [8] [9] [note 2] whose coming as the Messiah was prophesied in the Hebrew Bible (called the Old Testament in Christianity) and chronicled in the New Testament.
Paul's influence on Christian thinking is said to be more significant than that of any other New Testament author. [169] According to the New Testament, Saul of Tarsus first persecuted the early Jewish Christians, but then converted. He adopted the name Paul and started proselytizing among the Gentiles, calling himself "Apostle to the Gentiles."